πρόβλημα, ατος, τό,
(προβάλλω) anything thrown forward or projecting, πόντου π. ἁλίκλυστον sea-washed promontory, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1219 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 hindrance, obstacle, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ γυναικείης φύσιος” 67, “Mul.” 1.20, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 2.13. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II anything put before one as a defence, bulwark, barrier, προβλήματα ἀντ᾽ ἀσπίδων ἐποιεῦντο γεράνων δοράς [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.70, compare 4.175; τῶν.. π. τὰ μὲν πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ὁπλίσματα, τὰ δὲ φράγματα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 279d {προβληματικός}, compare “Sph.” 261a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σώματος π., of a shield, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 540 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; νεῶν προβλήματα, of a wall, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 213 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χαλκᾶ προβλήματα the brazen armour of horses, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.51. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 c.genitive objecti, defence against a thing, αἰχμῆς καὶ πέτρων [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 676; χείματος προβλήματα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 208; π. χειμώνων 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 74b; π. κακῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 615; κρύους π. ποιοῦνται τὴν ἐσθῆτα 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.691d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but,
__II.3 μηδὲν φόβου π. μηδ᾽ αἰδοῦς ἔχειν to have neither fear nor reverence as a defence, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1076 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸν ποταμὸν π. λαβεῖν, ποιήσασθαι, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.66.1, 3.14.5. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]