σφοδρ-ός, ά, όν,
also ός, όν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 586c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:— vehement, violent, excessive (used by [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus once in ] Refs 8th c.BC+] adverb, see.[[ below), πόνος 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 2.46 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καῦμα, γυμνάσιον, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.39, 153; ἀγρυπνία [prev. author] 18(2) 33; σφυγμός 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 2.27; μῖσος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.103; λόγοι “Comica Adespota” 28D.; ἐπιθυμία 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 308a (_comparative_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; αἱ σ. ἡδοναί [[ [prev. author] “Phlb.” 52c ] Refs]; ἀλγήματα τοῦ σώματος πάνυ σ. [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.11 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; δίψος σ. [[ “PTeb.” 272.7 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; δίψα σ. [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.564; -οτέρα ὁμοιότης 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 103a22 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ταραχὴ-οτέρα [[1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “D.” 1.12; -ότερος κίνδυνος 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 16.686 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; τὸ σ. vehemence, excess, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 52c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 of men, violent, impetuous, νέος καὶ σ., σ. καὶ νέος, [[ [prev. author] “Lg.” 698e, 839b ] Refs]; φιλότιμοι καὶ σ. [[ [prev. author] “Ap.” 23e ] Refs]; σ. ἐφ᾽ ὅτι ὁρμήσειεν[[ [prev. work] 21a; πρὸς τὸ πλεονεκτεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.25 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, active, zealous, ὑπηρέται [[[prev. work] 2.1.31 ] Refs]; strong, robust, ἡ γεωργία σ. τὸ σῶμα παρέχει [[ [prev. author] “Oec.” 5.5. ] Refs]
__II adverb -ῶς vehemently, etc., μάλα σ. ἐλάαν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.124 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πάνυ σ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 1.21; alone, [prev. work] 5.4, 13, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 23e, “Ti.” 43d, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Categoriae” 8b22; σ. χειμαζομένων NT.Act.27.18 ] NT+5th c.BC+]; θερμαίνοντες ἢ ψύχοντες σ. [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.63] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; but in Attic dialect σφόδρα (which see) is the common adverb: comparative -ότερον[[ LXX.4Mac.5.32, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.126;] LXX+2nd c.AD+] -οτέρως [[4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Causis Plantarum” 5.9.13, 5.10.1, 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “de Pietate - Herkulanische Studien” 76 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: superlative -ότατον[[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 12.13. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]