σφόνδῠλ-ος, ὁ
(ἡ, see below 1b), Ionic dialect and later Greek σπόνδῠλος (as in [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus (see. below), 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 2.5.6, also in 5th c.BC: Pherecrates Comicus 23 (codices 2nd-3rd c.AD: Clemens Alexandrinus Theologus)] Refs 5th c.BC+], and some passages of [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus, as “PA” 654b16)] Refs 4th c.BC+]:— vertebra, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1489 (_anapaest meter_), 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 74a; σύγκειται ἡ ῥάχις ἐκ σφονδύλων 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 516a11, compare “PA” 651b34 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially one of the cervical vertebrae, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 3.26, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “PA” 686a21, 692a3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: plural, backbone, spine, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 1413 (so in _sing._, 5th c.BC: Pherecrates Comicus 23)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; or neck, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 841 (so in _sing._, LXX.Lev.5.8). ] LXX+5th c.BC+]
__b generally, joint, especially in the scorpion's tail, [[ 2nd c.BC: Nicander Epicus “Theriaca” 798 (where it is _feminine_), 781, 2nd c.BC: Hipparchus Astronomicus 3.4.2. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__c prickly ridge on the head of the κεστρεύς, [[ 1st c.BC: Dorio Rerum Naturalium Scriptor cited in 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 7.306f. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__d a kind of mussel or oyster, [[ 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.51, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 6.734; σ. θαλάσσιοι “Edict.Diocl.” 5.10 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; Latin spondylus, [[ 1st c.AD: Plinius Rerum Naturalium Scriptor “Historia Naturalis” 32.60, 154. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]