τάφρος, ἡ,
ditch, trench, frequently in [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” (once in 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey”, 21.120); τάφρον ὀρύξομεν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.341, compare “IG” 12.94.21,34, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.78, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀμφὶ δὲ τάφρον ἤλασαν drew a trench, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.449, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.3, 4th c.BC: Alcidamas Rhetor “Ὀδυσσεύς.” 5, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τάφρων ὕπερ over the trenches, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 1279, compare 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 37.3, +others, “OGI” 90.24 (Rosetta, 2nd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; irrigation-ditch, [[ PHal. 1.97, +others, “PSI” 6.597.5 (both 3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: it is sometimes found as masculine in codices, e.g. [[ 3rd-2nd c.BC: Philo Mechanicus “(Belopoeica) Excerpte aus Philons Mechanik - Ath. Berl. Akad.” 99.43 (codex V), 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 22.10.5 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; but βαθύν is Epic dialect for βαθεῖαν in [[ 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Delum” 37 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: Doric dialect τράφος [[ “Tab.Heracl.” 1.130, 2.51. ] Refs]