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φάρμᾰκον
[see. entry near the end], τό, drug, whether healing or noxious: in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] the sense is frequently determined by an epithet, φάρμακα, πολλὰ μὲν ἐσθλὰ.., πολλὰ δὲ λυγρά [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.230; τόδε φ. ἐσθλόν 10.287, compare 292; φ. ἤπια, ὀδυνήφατα (see. below 2); κακὰ φ. [prev. work] 213; φ. λυγρά [prev. work] 236 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φ. οὐλόμενον[[ [prev. work] 394; ἀνδροφόνον 1.261; θυμοφθόρα φ. 2.329; so, after 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, προσανέα φ. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 3.52; παιώνια 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 848; χρήσιμον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 382c; θανάσιμα 3rd-2nd c.BC: Philo Mechanicus “(Belopoeica) Excerpte aus Philons Mechanik - Ath. Berl. Akad.” 103.31; ὀλέθριον 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Herm.” 62. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__2 healing remedy, medicine, in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] mostly of those applied outwardly, ἐπιθήσει φάρμαχ᾽ ἅ κεν παύσῃσι μελαινάων ὀδυνάων [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.191 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἤπια φάρμακα πάσσε[[ [prev. work] 218; ὀδυνήφατα φ. πάσσων 5.401, 900, compare 11.515, 830, 15.394; προσάλειφεν ἑκάστῳ φ. 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.392; φ. περιαλείφειν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 906 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also of potions, πιὼν φάρμακ᾽ [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.326; φ. πεπωκώς 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.160, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus [same place]; παρὰ τοῦ ἰατροῦ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 406d, compare “Grg.” 467c; φ. χριστόν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 516; ἔγχριστον 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 11.1; ἐπίχριστον 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 17.1.10; ἐπίπαστον 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus [same place]; καταπλαστόν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 716; ποτόν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hipp.” [same place]; frequently in in Medicine texts writers, 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.4, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 6.265, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of medicines for cattle, [[ “PFlor.” 222.11 (3rd c.AD). ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__2.b with genitive (see. below [[ 11), φ. νόσου ] Refs]a medicine for it, remedy against it, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 251, 606 (Lyric poetry); βηχός 5th c.BC: Phrynichus Comicus 60: κεφαλῆς for a head-ache, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Charmides” 155b; στραγγουρίας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 612b16, compare 624a16; μέθης 4th c.BC: Amphis Comicus 37; δίψης “Anthologia Graeca” 6.170 (1st c.BC: Thyillus Epigrammaticus)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but ὑγιείας φ. a medicine to restore or maintain health, [[ 2nd c.AD: Aristides Rhetor “Orationes” 37(2).11. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__3 enchanted potion, philtre: hence, charm, spell, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.220f, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 302, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 2.15, “PSI” 1.64.20 (1st c.BC)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φαρμάκοις τὸν ἄνδρ᾽ ἔμηνεν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 561 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοιαῦτα ἔχω φ. such charms have I, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.85, cf. NT.Rev.9.21. ] NT+5th c.BC+]
__4 poison, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 685, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 385; πιεῖν τὸ φ. 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.15, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 57a, 115a; φάρμακα ἐσβεβληκέναι ἐς τὰ φρέατα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.48; φ. δηλητήρια “SIG” 37 A 1 (Teos, 5th c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοξικὸν φ. [[ “BGU” 21 ii 14 (4th c.AD). ] Refs 4th c.AD+]
__5 lye for laundering, [[ “Stud.Pal.” 22.56.12 (3rd c.AD). ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__II generally, remedy, cure, [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 485, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 35, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μεῖζον.. τῆς νόσου τὸ φ. the cure too strong for, i. e. worse than, the disease, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 589.4, compare “Comica Adespota” 455] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. πραΰ, of a bridle, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.85; φ. τινι for a thing, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 1134 (_plural_), 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 9; πρός τι 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1321a16; ποττὸν ἔρωτα 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 11.1 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; but most frequently φ. τινός remedy against.. χλαῖνα.. φ. ῥίγευς [[ 6th c.BC: Hipponax Iambographus 19; Ζεὺς πάντων φ. μοῦνος ἔχει 4th-5th c.BC: Simonides Lyricus 87; τὸ σιγᾶν φ. βλάβης ἔχω 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 548 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; φ. πόνων, λύπης, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 283, “fragment” 1079 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δόλοι.. χρείας ἀνάνδρου φ.[[ [prev. work] 288; φόβου 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 647e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; λήθης φάρμακα (of γράμματα) [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 578.1 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; see at {εὐδιανός}.
__II.2 with genitive also, a means of producing something, φ. σωτηρίας [[ [prev. author] “Ph.” 893; μνήμης καὶ σοφίας φ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 274e; ὑπομνήσεως [prev. work] 275a, compare 230d; ἀθανασίας 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 86.6; ἡσυχίας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1273b23 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; φ. μανίας, of the oil applied to wrestlers, [[ 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 1.104. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__II.3 ἐπὶ θανάτῳ φ. ἑᾶς ἀρετᾶς εὑρέσθαι a remedy or consolation in his own virtue, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.187. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III dye, paint, colour, [[ 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 23.3, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.98, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 134, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 735, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 420c, “Plt.” 277c, “PCair.Zen.” 789.13 (3rd c.BC), etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV chemical reagent, [[ PLeid.X. 25, “PHolm.” 13.46, 22.10, 2nd c.AD: Pseudo-Democritus Alchemista cited in Zos.Alch. p.160 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; used by tanners, [[Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 44, 368 ] Refs 5th c.BC+].—Cf. φαρμάσσω. [μ; but μᾱ in φαρμακός.]
