χελών-η, ἡ,
tortoise, [[ hymnus ad Mercurium 42,48, Oracle texts cited in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.47, 48 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χ. χερσαία[[ (compare below 2) 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 671a28: proverbial of insensibility, ἰὼ χελῶναι μακάριαι τοῦ δέρματος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1292, compare 429 (Lyric poetry), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 279, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Vit.Auct.” 9 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of slowness, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1082e, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Epistulae” 74.1, etc. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__2 ποντιὰς χ. turtle, [[ 5th c.BC: Crates Comicus 29; χ. θαλασσία 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus [same place], compare 540a29, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 1.6, 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 1.44.8. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II tortoise-shell, [[ 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.478. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__II.2 sounding-board of lyre, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1030b. ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__III pent-house or shed for protecting beseigers, χ. ξυλίνη [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 3.1.7, compare 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 32.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χ. χωστρίς, used to protect sappers and miners, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 9.41.1, 10.31.8, 1st c.AD: Onosander (Onasander) Tacticus 42.3 ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; κριοφόρος, to cover the battering-ram, [[ 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 20.48, etc., compare 2nd c.AD: Appianus Historicus “Μιθριδάτειος” 31. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]