χθών, ἡ,
genitive χθονός, earth, especially the surface of it (rarely soil, χθονὸς τρίμοιρον χλαῖναν [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 872): poetry word (Comedy texts only in Lyric poetry or _paratragoedia_)] Refs 4th c.BC+], very rare in Prose, [[ LXX.1Ki.14.15 (codex 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor), “Supp.epigram” 2.520 (from Rome)] LXX+2nd c.AD+]; seldom with Article (only when an adjective is added, see below 11); ἀπὸ χ. ὑψόσ᾽ ἀερθείς [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.375, compare 10.149, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.349; ἐξ ἵππων ἀποβάντες ἐπὶ χθόνα 8.492, compare 11.619; ἐπὶ χθονὶ κεῖτο τανυσθείς 20.483; κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ χθονί 6.473, compare 3.89; χθονὶ φύλλα πελάσσαι 13.180 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ χ., opposed to οὐρανῷ,[[ 4.443; ζῶντος καὶ ἐπὶ χθονὶ δερκομένοιο 1.88; ἐπὶ χ. σῖτον ἔδοντες 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.222, etc.; τοὶ ἐπὶ χ. ναιετάουσι 6.153; ἄριστον ἄνδρα τῶν ἐπὶ χ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 811 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χθόνα δύμεναι to go beneath the earth, i.e. to die, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.411, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Scutum Herculis” 151 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐτέθαπτο ὑπὸ χθονός [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.52 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κεκευθὼς ὑπὸ χθονὸς buried, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 588; κατὰ χθονὸς κρύψαι τινά 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 24, compare “OC” 1546 (_passive_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χθονὶ γυῖα καλύψαιμι [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 8.38; κούφα σοι χ. ἐπάνωθε πέσοι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 463 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to θάλασσα, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 576 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὑπὸ χθονός, of the nether world, Τάρταρον.., ἧχι βάθιστον ὑπὸ χ. ἐστι βέρεθρον [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.14; κάτω μελαίνας χ. 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 7.10, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 72 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἱ ὑπὸ χ. φίλοι, i.e. those in the shades below, [[ [prev. author] “Ch.” 833 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 65 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὦ κατὰ χθονὸς θεαί, i.e. the Erinyes, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 115; εἰς τοὺς ἔνερθε καὶ κάτω χ. τόπους [prev. work] 1023. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]