(Nemea,vi B. C.)), declined regul.υἱοῦ, υἱῷ, υἱόν,but in Att. Inscrr. only after 350 B.C. (exc. υἱός
IG 12.529
, 530 , 598 , 625 ;ὑόςib. 585 , 828 ;ὑόνib. 70.8 ), and thenalways so: —in earlier Att. and other Inscrr. inflected as aῠ-stem (likeπῆχυς), nom.υἱύς(writtenhuihus) KleinVasen mit Meister-signaturen
): but gen.υἱέως,and acc.υἱέα, υἱέας,which are formed as though from nom.Υἱεύς,are rejected by Phryn. 48 , 49 , Thom.Mag. p.367 R., as not Att. , though the two latter forms are used by later writers (as υἱέα
Euph. 5
, Arr. Cyn. 16 , ὑέα
IG 42(1).244.4
(Epid.,ii B. C.), butυἱέωςisf. l. in
Th. 1.13 , J. AJ 18.2.4 , etc.): dat. pl.υἱεῦσινis mentioned as a form that would be regular by Eust. 1348.27 :—Homer uses nom.υἱός(very freq.); gen.υἱοῦonly in Od. 22.238 , elsewh.υἱέος;dat.υἱέϊorυἱεῖ;acc. υἱέα
, 22.44 , Od. 24.223 ; dat.υἱοῖσι(ν) only Od. 19.418 ,υἱάσι(ν) Il. 5.463 , al. (neverυἱέσι); acc.υἱέαςib. 149 , al.:— he also uses the shorter forms, gen.υἷος, υἷι, υἷα,dualυἷε(distd. from the voc. sg.υἱέby the accent), pl.υἷες, υἷας;but these were confined to Ep. : their accentuation (in which codd. agree with Hdn.Gr. 1.409 ) may preserve a trace of their Aeolic origin (v. infr.). The declensionυἱῆος, υἱῆϊ, υἱῆα, υἱῆες, υἱήεσσι, υἱῆας(likeβασιλῆος,etc., as though fromΥἱεύς), belongs solely to later Ep. poets, as A.R. 2.1093 , 1119 , Nic. Fr. 110 , AP 9.23 (Antip.), etc. Dialect Inscrr. have the foll. archaic forms, nom. υἱύς
(Syrac.);υἷοςin SIG 55 (Thessaly,v B. C.) is perh. the Aeol. gen. (ὑόςis nom. rather than gen. in IG 12.828 ); acc. ὗα
Schwyzer 625
(Mytil.,ii/i B. C.); a nom.ὑϊς(scanned -̆) IG 12.472 (Boeotia,vi B. C.), cf. Simon. 249 (v. infr.); nom. pl. ὗες
IG 22.3632.24
(hex., Eleusis,ii A. D.). The initial syll. is bothυἱ-andὑ-in Att. Inscrr. down to 400 B.C. (e. g. ὑεῖς
IG 12.115.14
,ὑέ[σιν]ib. 54.14 ,ὑόν v.supr.), afterwardsὑ-,butυἱόςreappears under the Empire; in Plato cod. A usually hasὑιος,which is found also in T, cod. B always hasυἱός,editors restoreὑός;acc.υἱόνis recommended by Phryn. l. c.; in Inscrr. of Pergamon, Magnesia, and Delphi, and in non-literary Papyri,ὑόςis at all times less common thanυἱός:—ὁ υεἱός CIG(add.) 3857p ; dat.υεἱῷib. 3846z82 (both Phrygia), cf. BCH 11.471 :—son,
D. 25.88 : metaph.,Κόρον Ὕβριος υἱόνOrac. ap. Hdt. 8.77 : rarely of animals, Ev.Matt. 21.5 .
2. periphr.,υἷες Ἀχαιῶν,forἈχαιοί,
Il. 1.162 , al.; cf. παῖς
1.3
.
3. generally,child,and soυἱ. ἄρρηνmalechild,
Apoc. 12.5 , PSI 9.1039.36
(iii A. D.).
4. freq. in LXX in periphrases (Hebraisms with various meanings), υἱὸς ἐτῶν ἑκατόν
100
years old, Ge.
11.10 , al.; υἱοὶ ἀδικίας
2 Ki. 7.10
; υἱοὶ θανατώσεως
1 Ki. 26.16
; υἱοὶ τῶν συμμίζεων hostages,
4 Ki. 14.14
; so υἱὸς εἰρήνης
Ev.Luc. 10.6
.
5. in some dialects, including the Ion. Prose of Hdt. ,υἱόςis replaced byπαῖς:υἱόςis rare in Trag., A. Th. 609 , Fr. 320 , E. Or. 1689 (anap.), al., and 7 times in S. : Hom. has both words in this sense.
6. as a general term of affection, PGiss. 68.2
(ii A. D.), POxy. 1219.2
(iii A. D.);υἱέ,an author's address to the reader, LXX Pr. 1.8 , al.
7. δάμου υἱός, υἱὸς πόλεως, Ἑλλάδος,as titles of honour, SIG 804.10 (Cos,i A. D.), 813
, 3 , al.; of the Messiah, ib. Da. 7.13 , Apoc. 14.14 ; used by Jesus of himself, Ev.Matt. 8.20 , al. (by Stephen recalling the words of Jesus, Act.Ap. 7.56 ).
9. υἱοὶ Θεοῦ sonsof God, implyinginheritors of the natureof God (cf. supr. 4 ), Ev.Matt. 5.9 , cf. 45 , Ev.Luc. 6.35 ; implyingparticipants in the gloryof God, ib. 20.36 .
b. of Jesus,τὸ γεννώμενον κληθήσεται υἱὸς Θεοῦib. 1.35 ;ὁ Χριστός, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ,
Ev.Matt. 26.63 , cf. Ev.Jo. 1.34 .
c. Θεοῦ υἱός, =Lat.Divi(sc.Caesaris)filius,patronymic of Augustus, BGU 543.3 ( 27 B.C.), PTeb. 382.21
(i B. C.), IG 12(3).174.2 (Epist. ad Cnidios, 5
A.
D. ). [Hom.sts. has the first syll. short in nom., voc. and acc. sg., οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱός
Il. 6.130
; Ἀμφιτρύωνος υἱός
Od. 11.270
; Ποδῆς υἱὸς Ἠετίωνος
Il. 17.575
, cf. 590 ; Ἀνθεμίωνος υἱόν
4.473
; Σελάγου υἱόν
5.612
; Ἕκτορ, υἱὲ Πριάμοιο
7.47
; andΠηλῆος υἱός, Μηκιστῆος υἱόςseem to be the better readings in 1.489 , 2.566 : in these places some other form ought perh. to be restored, but none of the known forms has a shortῠ:ὑόςhasῡin IG 12.585
(vi B. C.), 828
(v B. C.), 2.2338 , 22.4319 (bothiv B. C.); Simon.l.c. seems to have used a monosyll. nom.υἷς,and Hdn.Gr. may have read it asὕις(̆̆), but this is uncertain, as in Sch. Il. 5.266 he seems to say thatὕις(υἷιςcod.) does not occur.] (Prob. from*sū-yú-s,cf. Skt.sūte'procreate', Tocharian (A-dial.)se,(B-dial.)soyä'son'; different suffix in*sū-nu-s,Skt.sūnūs,etc., and in*s[ucaron]-nu-s,O E.
sunu,etc. (all= son);*sūyú-perh. became*s[ucaron]wyú-,then*suiwú-; υἱόςandυἱόνperh. by dissimilation fromυἱύς υἱύν,since the o-stem forms appear first whereυ-υwould otherwise be repeated;ὗϊς(ὑί̈ς?) may be another dissimilation; the precise origin ofυἷος υἷι υἷεςetc. is uncertain.)
