beginning, origin,
ἀρχή,ἡ, (v.ἄρχω)
A. beginning, origin,
νείκεος ἀ.
Il. 22.116
; πήματος
Od. 8.81
; φόνου
21.4
, etc.; opp.τέλος,
Hdt. 7.51 , etc.; opp.τελευτή,
Thgn. 607 , cf. Pl. Lg. 715e , Hp. Morb. 1.1 ; ἀ. γενέσθαι κακῶν
Hdt. 5.97
; ἀ. ποιήσασθαί τινος
Th. 1.128
, And. 2.37 , Isoc. 12.120 , etc.; ἀ. λαβεῖν τινός
Aeschin. 1.11
; τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι
Plb. 4.28.3
;ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαιlaya foundation,
D. 3.2 , etc.; βαλέσθαι
Pl. Ep. 326e
(and Pass. , ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται
Pi. N. 1.8
); ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος
Pl. Ti. 36e
;sourceof action, [ ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν
Plot. 3.3.4
.
b. with Preps. in adverbial usages,ἐξ ἀρχῆςfromthe beginning,fromthe first,fromof old,
Od. 1.188 , Xenoph. 10 , etc.; οὑξ ἀ. φίλος
S. OT 385
; ἡ ἐξ ἀ. ἔχθρα
D. 54.3
; τὸ ἐξ ἀ.
X. Cyn. 12.6
; but πλουτεῖν ἐξ ἀ. πάλιν anew, afresh,
Ar. Pl. 221
; λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀ. κινεῖν
Pl. R. 450a
;ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγοςtheoriginalargument, Id. Tht. 177c , etc.;τὰ ἐξ ἀ.theprincipal sum,
Arist. Pol. 1280a30 :—also ἀπ' ἀ.
Hes. Th. 425
, Hdt. 2.104 , Pi. P. 8.25 , A. Supp. 344 , Pl. Tht. 206d ;κατ' ἀρχάςinthe beginning,atfirst,
Hdt. 3.153 , 7.5 ; αὐτίκα κατ' ἀ.
Id. 8.94
; τὸ κατ' ἀ.
Pl. Lg. 798a
, al.
c. acc.ἀρχήν,abs.,to begin with, at first,
Hdt. 1.9 , 2.28 , 8.132 ; τὴν ἀρχήν
And. 3.20
: pl., τὰς ἀρχάς
Plb. 16.22.8
: freq. followed by a neg., notat all,
ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών
Hdt. 3.39
, cf. 1.193 , al.; ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα
S. Ant. 92
; ἀ. κλύειν ἂν οὐκ . . ἐβουλόμην
Id. Ph. 1239
, cf. El. 439 , Philol. 3 , Antipho 5.73 , Pl. Grg. 478c ; sts. c. Art., τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀ.
Hdt. 4.25
; τὴν ἀ. γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ γράφειν
D. 23.93
.
2. first principle, element,first so used by Anaximander, acc. to Simp. in Ph. 150.23 , cf. Arist. Metaph. 983b11 , etc.; Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀ. εἶναί φησι ψυχήν
Id. de An. 405a25
; ofὕληandθεός,opp.στοιχεῖα,
Placit. 1.3.25 ;practical principleof conduct, τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις
D. 2.10
;principlesof knowledge, Arist. Metaph. 995b8 , al.
3. end, corner,of a bandage, rope, sheet, etc., Hdt. 4.60 , Hp. Off. 9 , E. Hipp. 762 , Aen.Tact. 18.14 , Act.Ap. 10.11 ; of a compound pulley, Hero Bel. 84.14 .
4. Math.,originof a curve, τῆς ἕλικος
Archim. Spir. 11
Def. 2 , etc.; ξυνὸν ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας
Heraclit. 103
.
5. branchof a river, LXX Ge. 2.10 (pl.).
6. sum, total,ib. Nu. 1.2 .
7. vital organsof the body, Gal. 1.318 , al.
II. first placeorpower, sovereignty(not in Hom. ), Διὸς ἀρχά
Pi. O. 2.64
, cf. Hdt. 1.6 , etc.; γενέσθαι ἐπ' ἀρχῆς
Arist. Pol. 1284b2
: metaph.,μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς,of a stroke of fortune, D. 21.196 : pl., ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι
A. Ch. 864
(lyr.); τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων
S. Ant. 744
, etc.: c. gen. rei, τῆσδ' ἔχων ἀρχὴν χθονός
S. OT 737
;ἀ. τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάσσης, power overthem, Th. 3.90 , X. Ath. 2.7 , etc.: prov.,ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξειBiasap. Arist. EN 1130a1 , cf. D. Prooem. 48 ;method of government,
οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀ. ἐπαχθής
Th. 6.54
.
2. empire, realm, Κύρου, Περδίκκου ἀ.,
Hdt. 1.91 , Th. 4.128 , etc.
3. magistracy, office, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, παραλαμβάνειν,
Hdt. 3.80 , 4.147 ; καταστήσας τὰς ἀ. καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας
Id. 3.89
;εἰς ἀ. Καθ<>στασθαι
Th. 8.70 ;εἰς τὴν Α<>. εἰσιέναι
D. 59.72 , etc.;ἀ. λαχεῖνto obtainan office,
Id. 57.25 ; Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀ.
Th. 1.96
; ἐνιαύσιος ἀ.
Id. 6.54
;ἀ. χειροτονητή, κληρωτή,Lex ap. Aeschin. 1.21 ; withsg. Noun, Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε
Th. 4.53
;term of office,
ἀρχῆς λοιποὶ αὐτῷ δύο μῆνες
Antipho 6.42
; ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι
POxy. 119.16
(iii A.D.).
4. in pl., αἱ ἀρχαί the authorities, the magistrates,
Th. 5.47
, cf. Decr. ap. And. 1.83 ;ἐν ταῖς ἀ. Ε<>ναι
Th. 6.54 ;ἡ ἀρχήcollectively, 'the board', D. 47.22 , cf. IG 1.229 , etc.; παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀ.
Antipho 5.48
; butἡ ἀ.,of a singlemagistrate,
PHal. 1.226
(iii B.C.);κατ' ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώςagainstauthority,
A. Supp. 485 ; πομποὺς ἀρχάς
Id. Ag. 124
(anap.).
5. command,i.e.body of troops,
LXX 1 Ki. 13.17 , al.
6. pl.,heavenly powers,
Ep.Rom. 8.38 , al., cf. Dam. Pr. 96 ;powers of evil,
Ep.Eph. 6.12 , al.
III.
= εἶδος μελίσσης ἀκέντρου , Hsch.
