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ἀρχή, ἡ,
(see. ἄρχω) beginning, origin, νείκεος ἀ.[[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.116; πήματος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.81; φόνου 21.4, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; opposed to τέλος, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.51, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to τελευτή, [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 607, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 715e, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ νούσων” 1.1; ἀ. γενέσθαι κακῶν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.97; ἀ. ποιήσασθαί τινος 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.128, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 2.37, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.120, etc.; ἀ. λαβεῖν τινός 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.11; τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 4.28.3] Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαι lay a foundation, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 3.2, etc.; βαλέσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Epistulae” 326e] Refs 5th c.BC+] (and passive, ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται[[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 1.8); ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 36e] Refs 5th c.BC+]; source of action, [ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν[[ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 3.3.4. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__b with Preps. in adverbial usages, ἐξ ἀρχῆς from the beginning, from the first, from of old, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.188, 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 10, etc.; οὑξ ἀ. φίλος 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 385; ἡ ἐξ ἀ. ἔχθρα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.3; τὸ ἐξ ἀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 12.6; but πλουτεῖν ἐξ ἀ. πάλιν ] Refs 8th c.BC+]anew, afresh, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 221; λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀ. κινεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 450a] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγος the original argument, [[ [prev. author] “Tht.” 177c, etc.] Refs]; τὰ ἐξ ἀ. the principal sum, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1280a30:—also ἀπ᾽ ἀ. 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 425, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.104, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 8.25, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 344, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 206d] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἀρχάς in the beginning, at first, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.153, 7.5; αὐτίκα κατ᾽ ἀ. [prev. author] 8.94; τὸ κατ᾽ ἀ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 798a, +others ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__c accusative ἀρχήν, absolutely, to begin with, at first, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.9, 2.28, 8.132; τὴν ἀρχήν 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 3.20: _plural_, τὰς ἀρχάς 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 16.22.8] Refs 5th c.BC+]: frequently followed by a negative, not at all, ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών[[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.39, compare 1.193, +others; ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 92; ἀ. κλύειν ἂν οὐκ.. ἐβουλόμην [prev. author] “Ph.” 1239, compare “El.” 439, 5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 3, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.73, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 478c; sometimes with _Article_, τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.25; τὴν ἀ. γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ γράφειν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.93. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 first principle, element, first so used by Anaximander, accusative to [[ 6th c.AD: Simplicius Philosophus “in Aristotelis Physica commentaria - Comm. in Arist. Graeca” 150.23, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 983b11, etc.; Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀ. εἶναί φησι ψυχήν [prev. author] “de An.” 405a25 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; of ὕλη and θεός, opposed to στοιχεῖα, [[ “Placita Philosophorum” 1.3.25] Refs]; practical principle of conduct, τῶν πράξεων τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ὑποθέσεις[[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.10] Refs 4th c.BC+]; principles of knowledge, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Metaphysica” 995b8, +others ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__3 end, corner, of a bandage, rope, sheet, etc., [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.60, 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “κατ᾽ ἰητρεῖον” 9, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 762, 4th c.BC: Aeneas Tacticus 18.14, NT.Act.10.11 ] NT+5th c.BC+]; of a compound pulley, [[ 2nd-1st c.BC(?): Hero Mechanicus “Belopoeica” 84.14. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__4 in Mathematics texts, origin of a curve, τῆς ἕλικος[[ 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ ἑλίκων” 11 “Def.” 2, etc.; ξυνὸν ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 103. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__5 branch of a river, [[ LXX.Gen.2.10 (_plural_). ] LXX]
__6 sum, total,[[LXX.Num.1.2. ] LXX]
__7 vital organs of the body, [[ 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 1.318, +others ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II first place or power, sovereignty (not in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus), Διὸς ἀρχά 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.64, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.6, etc.; γενέσθαι ἐπ᾽ ἀρχῆς 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1284b2: _metaphorically_, μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς,] Refs 8th c.BC+] of a stroke of fortune, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.196: _plural_, ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 864 (Lyric poetry); τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 744, etc.: with _genitive_ _of things_, τῆσδ᾽ ἔχων ἀρχὴν χθονός 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 737] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάσσης, power over them, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.90, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Respublica Atheniensium” 2.7, etc.: proverbial, ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξει Biasap. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1130a1, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator “Prooemia” 48] Refs 5th c.BC+]; method of government, οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀ. ἐπαχθής[[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.54. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 empire, realm, Κύρου, Περδίκκου ἀ., [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.91, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.128, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 magistracy, office, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, παραλαμβάνειν, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.80, 4.147; καταστήσας τὰς ἀ. καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας [prev. author] 3.89] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἀ. καθίστασθαι [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.70] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς τὴν ἀ. εἰσιέναι [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.72, etc.] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἀ. λαχεῖν to obtain an office, [[ [prev. author] 57.25; Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.96; ἐνιαύσιος ἀ. [prev. author] 6.54] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀ. χειροτονητή, κληρωτή, Legal cited in [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.21; withsg. Noun, Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.53] Refs 5th c.BC+]; term of office, ἀρχῆς λοιποὶ αὐτῷ δύο μῆνες[[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.42; ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι “POxy.” 119.16 (3rd c.AD). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4 in plural, αἱ ἀρχαί the authorities, the magistrates, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.47, cf. Canon Laws texts cited in 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.83] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐν ταῖς ἀ. εἶναι [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.54] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ ἀρχή collectively, 'the board', [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 47.22, compare “IG” 1.229, etc.; παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀ. 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.48] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but ἡ ἀ., of a single magistrate, [[ PHal. 1.226 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς against authority, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 485; πομποὺς ἀρχάς [prev. author] “Ag.” 124 (_anapaest meter_). ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.5 command, i.e. body of troops, [[ LXX.1Ki.13.17, +others ] LXX]
__II.6 plural, heavenly powers, [[NT.Rom.8.38, +others, compare 5th-6th c.AD: Damascius Philosophus “de Principiis” 96] NT+5th c.AD+]; powers of evil, [[NT.Eph.6.12, +others ] NT]
__III ={εἶδος μελίσσης ἀκέντρου}, [[ 5th c.AD(?): Hesychius Legal icographus ] Refs 5th c.AD+]
