γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows.
I. with single words,at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation:τὸ γὰρ . . σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίνsuch is the power ofiron, Od. 9.393 ;εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ . . εἰσίνif the poorhaveany gods to care for them, 17.475 ; μάλιστά γε
4.366
;ὅ γ' ἐνθάδε λεώς at any ratethe people here, S. OC 42 , etc.: with negs.,οὐ δύο γεnoteventwo, Il. 5.303 , 20.286 ;οὔκουν φθόγγος γεnotthe leastsound, E. IA 9 .
2. with Pronouns: with Pron. of1st
Pers. so closely joined, that the accent is changed, inἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε(alsoἔγωγα
Lacon. , butἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα
Boeot. ): in Hom. freq. with Art. used as Pron., v. ὅ γε : with demonstr. Pronouns,κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Com. coalescing with-ίfinal, αὑτηγί
Ar. Ach. 784
;τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., Id. V. 781 , Pax 1057 , etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί
3. after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause,πρίν γε, beforeat least, sts. repeated, οὐ μὲν . . ὀί̈ω πρίν γ' ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε . . αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα
;εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, ifthat is to say, ifreally, Th. 6.18 , Pl. Phdr. 25 <*>c; also simply to lay stress on the condition,κἄν γε μὴ λέγωandifI do not . . , Ar. Ach. 317 ;εἴπερ γεifat any rate, Hdt. 7.16 .γ́, 143 , etc.;ὥστε γε( v.l. ὥς γε ), withinf., so farat leastas to . . , Pl. Phdr. 230b ; ὥς γ' ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ
E. Alc. 801
;ὥς γεorὥσπερ γεasat least, S. Ant. 570 , OT 715 , etc.:—γεmay followτε, whenτεis closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα
X. Mem. 4.5.2
, Pl. R. 412b ; ἐάντε γε
Id. Plt. 293d
; οἵ τέ γε
Id. Grg. 454e
:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses,v.infr. 11.3 .
4. after other Particles,καὶ μὴν . . γε, οὐ μὴν . . γε, with words intervening, X. Mem. 1.4.12 , E. Alc. 518 , etc.; afterἄνin apodosi, when preceded byοὐorκαί, Id. Ph. 1215 , Or. 784 ;ἄταρ . . γεbutyet, Ar. Ach. 448 ;καίτοι γε, v. καί τοι; ἀλλά γε (without intervening words) isf.l. in
Pl. Hp.Ma. 287b (leg.ἀλλ' ἄγε), R. 331b (ἀλλά γε ἕνcodd., ἀλλὰ ἕν γε
Stob.
);ἀλλά γε δήdub. in Id. Phdr. 262a ; later, Plu. 2.394c , Ael. NA 10.49 codd.: but,
5. when preceding other Particles,γεcommonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sts. modifies the sense of the following Particle,γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν
Ar. Eq. 232
, cf. E. El. 754 , X. , etc.; Ep. and Ion.
γε μέν
Il. 2.703
, Od. 4.195 , Hdt. 7.152 ; γε μὲν δή
A. Ag. 661
, S. Tr. 484 ; γε μέντοι
Pl. Tht. 164a
, X. An. 2.3.9 , etc.:γε δήfreq. strengthens an assertion, A. Pr. 42 , Th. 2.62 , etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή
Pl. Euthd. 275a
(cf. also 11.1 );γέ τοι, implying that the assertion isthe leastthat one can say, Ar. V. 934 , Pl. 424 , 1041 , etc.; γέ τοι
Pl. Grg. 447b
; γέ τοι δή
S. OT 1171
, Pl. Phdr. 264b ; γέ τοί που
Id. Lg. 888e
; γε δήπου
Id. Phd. 94a
, etc.;γέ που at all events, any how, Ar. Ach. 896 , Pl. R. 607d , 478a , etc.; forγε οὖν, v. γοῦν .
II. exercising an influence over the whole clause:
1. epexegetic,namely, that is,Διός γε διδόντος that isif God grant it, Od. 1.390 ;κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον . . , εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμιifindeedI am really thine, 9.529 : hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion,ἀνὴρ . . ὅστις πινυτός γεany man—at leastany wise man, 1.229 ; freq. preceded byκαί, usu. with words intervening,ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωύ̈ξω γε πρός ay andbesi <*>es that . . , A. Pr. 73 ;παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γεsome,ay anda great many, Pl. Phd. 58d ; καὶ γελοίως γε
Id. R. 531a
; freq. with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα . . πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον
2. in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, asἔπεμψέ τίς σοι . . κρέα ;Answ.καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes andquite right too, Ar. Ach. 1049 ;κενὸν τόδ' ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι ;Answ.σά γ' ἔνδυτα. .yes indeed, your clothes, E. Ion 1412 ;οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ.σὺ δ' ἂν γένοιο γ' ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you . . , Id. Med. 817 , cf. S. OT 680 , etc.;πάνυ γε yescertainly, Pl. Euthphr. 8e , etc.;οὕτω γέ πως yessomehowso, Id. Tht. 165c ; sts. preceded byκαί, καὶ οὐδέν γ' ἄτοπον yesand no wonder, ib. 142b , cf. d, 147e ; sts. ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν
E. IT 1212
.
3. to heighten a contrast or opposition,
a. after conditional clauses,εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ' . . , τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε. . ifyoudo so, thenat all eventsPoseidon will . . , Il. 15.49 sq.;ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι . . τόδε γε εἰπέ at any ratetell me this, X. Cyr. 5.5.20 ; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ' ἐπιβάλλει
D. 18.272
:—sts. in the protasis,εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε . . ἀλλ' ἀέκοντας. . Hdt. 4.120 .
b. in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative,ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε . . δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ. . Id. 1.11 ; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα
Th. 2.40
; πατὴρ δ' ἐμός . . ζώει ὅ γ' ἢ τέθνηκε
Od. 2.131
, cf. Il. 10.504 : also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι
Od. 3.214
, cf. Hdt. 7.10 .θ́, S. OT 1098 sq.
4. in exclamations, etc.,ὥς γε μή ποτ' ὤφελον λαβεῖνdub. in E. IA 70 , cf. S. OC 977 , Ph. 1003 , Ar. Ach. 93 , 836 , etc.; in oaths,οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ' v.l. in
