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γε,
Doric dialect and Boeotian dialect γα, enclitic Particle, giving emphasis to the word or words which it follows.
__I with single words, at least, at any rate, but often only to be rendered by italics in writing, or emphasis in pronunciation: τὸ γὰρ.. σιδήρου γε κράτος ἐστίν such is the power of iron, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.393 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἴ που πτωχῶν γε θεοὶ.. εἰσίν if the poor have any gods to care for them,[[ 17.475; μάλιστά γε 4.366 ] Refs]; ὅ γ᾽ ἐνθάδε λεώς at any rate the people here, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 42, etc.: with negatives, οὐ δύο γε] Refs 5th c.BC+] not even two, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.303, 20.286 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὔκουν φθόγγος γε not the least sound, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 9. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.2 with Pronouns: with pronoun of 1st pers. [[ 4th c.AD: Perses Epigrammaticus so closely joined, that the accent is changed, in ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε (also ἔγωγα _Laconian dialect_, but ἐγώνγα, ἰώνγα _Boeotian dialect_): in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus frequently with _Article_ used as _pronoun_, see at {ὅ γε}: with _demonstrative_ Pronouns, κεῖνός γε, τοῦτό γε, etc.: in Comedy texts coalescing with -ί final, αὑτηγί 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 784 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τουτογί, ταυταγί, etc., [[ [prev. author] “V.” 781, “Pax” 1057, etc. (but ἐνγεταυθί “Th.” 646): after possess. Pronouns, ἐμόν γε θυμόν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.425, etc.: frequently after _relative_ Pronouns, ὅς γε, οἵ γε, etc., οἵ γέ σου καθύβρισαν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 1364; ὅς γ᾽ ἐξέλυσας δασμόν [prev. author] “OT” 35, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὅσον γε χρῄζεις even as much as..,[[ [prev. work] 365; οἷόν γέ μοι φαίνεται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 329a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with interrogative Pronouns, τίνα γε.. εἶπας ;[[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 241 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποίου γε τούτου πλήν γ᾽ Ὀδυσσέως ἐρεῖς ; [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 441. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __I.3 after Conjunctions, to emphasize the modification or condition introduced by the subjoined clause, πρίν γε, before at least, sometimes repeated, οὐ μὲν.. ὀΐω πρίν γ᾽ ἀποπαύσεσθαι, πρίν γε.. αἵματος ἆσαι Ἀρῆα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.288, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.127 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πρὶν ἄν γε or πρίν γ᾽ ἄν, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 961, “Ra.” 78, etc.; ὅτε γε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 84e; ὁπότε γε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1699; ἐπεί γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.3.9; ἐπειδή γε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18; ὅπου γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.3.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἴ γε, ἐάν γε, if that is to say, if really, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.18, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 252c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also simply to lay stress on the condition, κἄν γε μὴ λέγω and if I do not.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 317 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἴπερ γε if at any rate, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.16.γ, 143 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.; ὥστε γε (variant{ὥς γε}), with infinitive, so far at least as to.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 230b; ὥς γ᾽ ἐμοὶ χρῆσθαι κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 801 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὥς γε or ὥσπερ γε as at least, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 570, “OT” 715, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—γε may follow τε, when τε is closely attached to the preceding word, ὡς οἷόν τέ γε μάλιστα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.5.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 412b; ἐάντε γε [prev. author] “Plt.” 293d; οἵ τέ γε [prev. author] “Grg.” 454e:—for its use in opposed or disjunctive clauses, see below 11.3. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.4 after other Particles, καὶ μὴν.. γε, οὐ μὴν.. γε, with words intervening, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.12, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 518, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; after ἄν in apodosi, when preceded by οὐ or καί, [[ [prev. author] “Ph.” 1215, “Or.” 784 ] Refs]; ἄταρ.. γε but yet, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 448 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καίτοι γε, see at {καί το; ἀλλά γε} (without intervening words) is falsa lectio in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Hp.Ma.” 287b (to be read ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε), “R.” 331b (ἀλλά γε ἕν codices, ἀλλὰ ἕν γε 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀλλά γε δή uncertain in [[ [prev. author] “Phdr.” 262a; later, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.394c, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 10.49 codices: but, ] Refs 1st c.AD+]
__I.5 when preceding other Particles, γε commonly refers to the preceding word, while the Particle retains its own force: but sometimes modifies the sense of the following Particle, γε μήν nevertheless, πάντως γε μήν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 232, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 754, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect and Ionic dialect γε μέν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.703, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.195, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.152; γε μὲν δή 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 661, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 484; γε μέντοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 164a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.3.9, etc.: γε δή] Refs 8th c.BC+] frequently strengthens an assertion, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 42, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.62, etc.; οἰόμεθά γε δή 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 275a (compare also 11.1)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; γέ τοι, implying that the assertion is the least that one can say, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 934, “Pl.” 424, 1041, etc.; γέ τοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 447b; γέ τοι δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1171, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 264b; γέ τοί που [prev. author] “Lg.” 888e; γε δήπου [prev. author] “Phd.” 94a, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; γέ που at all events, any how, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 896, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 607d, 478a, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; for γε οὖν, see at {γοῦν}.
__II exercising an influence over the whole clause:
__II.1 epexegetic, namely, that is, Διός γε διδόντος that is if God grant it, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.390 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κλῦθι, Ποσείδαον.., εἰ ἐτεόν γε σός εἰμι if indeed I am really thine, [[ 9.529: hence to limit, strengthen or amplify a general assertion, ἀνὴρ.. ὅστις πινυτός γε] Refs] any man—at least any wise man, [[ 1.229 ] Refs]; frequently preceded by καί, usually with words intervening, ἦ μὴν κελεύσω κἀπιθωΰξω γε πρός ay and besides that.., [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 73 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; παρῆσάν τινες καὶ πολλοί γε some, ay and a great many, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 58d; καὶ γελοίως γε [prev. author] “R.” 531a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently with the last term in an enumeration, ταύτῃ ἄρα.. πρακτέον καὶ γυμναστέον καὶ ἐδεστέον γε καὶ ποτέον [[ [prev. author] “Cri.” 47b; ὄψεις τε καὶ ἀκοαὶ καὶ.. καὶ ἡδοναί γε δή [prev. author] “Tht.” 156b; repeated, συνήγαγόν μοι καί γε ἀργύριον καί γε χρυσίον LXX.Eccl.2.8 ] LXX]; rarely without intervening words, καί γε ὁ θάνατος διὰ τὴν μοίρην ἔλαχεν [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἑπταμήνου” 9, compare 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 11.7 codices; καί γε.. ἐκχεῶ NT.Act.2.18: hence, ] NT+5th c.BC+]
__II.2 in dialogue, in answers where something is added to the statement of the previous speaker, as ἔπεμψέ τίς σοι.. κρέα; Answ. καλῶς γε ποιῶν yes and quite right too, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1049 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κενὸν τόδ᾽ ἄγγος, ἢ στέγει τι; Answ. σά γ᾽ ἔνδυτα.. yes indeed, your clothes, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1412 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτω γὰρ ἂν μάλιστα δηχθείη πόσις. Answ. σὺ δ᾽ ἂν γένοιο γ᾽ ἀθλιωτάτη γυνή yes truly, and you.., [[ [prev. author] “Med.” 817, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 680, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πάνυ γε yes certainly, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 8e, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὕτω γέ πως yes somehowso, [[ [prev. author] “Tht.” 165c ] Refs]; sometimes preceded by καί, καὶ οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄτοπον yes and no wonder, [[[prev. work] 142b, compare d, 147e ] Refs]; sometimes ironically, εὖ γε κηδεύεις πόλιν [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1212. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 to heighten a contrast or opposition,
__II.3.a after conditional clauses, εἰ μὲν δὴ σύ γ᾽.., τῷ κε Ποσειδάων γε.. if you do so, then at all events Poseidon will.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.49 ] Refs 8th c.BC+] {γέα}; ἐπεὶ πρὸς τοῦτο σιωπᾶν ἥδιόν σοι.. τόδε γε εἰπέ at any rate tell me this, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.5.20; εἰ μὴ τὸ ὅλον, μέρος γ᾽ ἐπιβάλλει 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.272:—sometimes in the protasis, εἰ γὰρ μὴ ἑκόντες γε.. ἀλλ᾽ ἀέκοντας.. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.120. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3.b in disjunctive sentences to emphasize an alternative, ἤτοι κεῖνόν γε.. δεῖ ἀπόλλυσθαι ἢ σέ.. [[ [prev. author] 1.11; ἤτοι κρίνομέν γε ἢ ἐνθυμούμεθα ὀρθῶς τὰ πράγματα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40; πατὴρ δ᾽ ἐμός.. ζώει ὅ γ᾽ ἢ τέθνηκε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.131, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.504 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: also in the second clause, εἰπέ μοι, ἠὲ ἑκὼν ὑποδάμνασαι ἤ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.214, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.10.θ, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1098f ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.4 in exclamations, etc., ὥς γε μή ποτ᾽ ὤφελον λαβεῖν uncertain in [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 70, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 977, “Ph.” 1003, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 93, 836, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in oaths, οὔτοι μὰ τὴν Δήμητρά γ᾽ variant in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 698; μὰ τὸν Ποσειδῶ γ᾽ οὐδέποτ᾽ [prev. author] “Ec.” 748; καὶ ναὶ μὰ Δία γε 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Apologia Socratis” 20; καὶ νὴ Δία γε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1350, 1st-2nd c.AD: Dio Chrysostomus Sophista 17.4, 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Merc.Cond.” 28, 4th c.AD: Libanius Sophista “Orationes” 11.59, etc.: with words intervening, καὶ νὴ Δί᾽, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, ἕτεροί γε.. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.16; νὴ Δία, ὦ Ἀθηναῖοι, ὥρα γε ὑμῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.37 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; merely in strong assertions, τίς ἂν φιλέοντι μάχοιτ; ἄφρων δὴ κεῖνός γέ.. [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.209, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.5 implying concession, εἶμί γε well then I will go (in apodosi), [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hercules Furens” 861; δρᾶ γ᾽ εἴ τι δράσεις [prev. author] “IA” 817, compare “Andr.” 239. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III γε frequently repeated in protasis and apodosis, as πρίν γε.., πρίν γε, see[[ above 1.3; εἰ μή γε.. τινὶ μείζονι, τῇ γε παρούσῃ ἀτιμίᾳ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 31.29 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; even in the same clause, οὐδέν γ᾽ ἄλλο πλήν γε καρκίνους [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1507, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.187, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 554, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 335b, “Grg.” 502a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV POSITION: γε normally follows the word which it limits; but is frequently placed immediately after the Article, as ὅ γε πόλεμος [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.66, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; or the preposition, κατά γε τὸν σὸν λόγον [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.1.15; ἔν γε ταῖς Θήβαις 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1380; or δέ, νῦν δέ γε 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 144e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ δέ γε[[ [prev. work] 164b; δοῖμεν δέ γέ που ἄν [prev. author] “R.” 607d, compare “Phd.” 94a, etc.] Refs]; frequently in retorts, ἁμές ποκ᾽ ἦμες ἄλκιμοι νεανίαι. Answ. ἁμὲς δέ γ᾽ εἰμές [[ “Carmina Popularia” 18 ] Refs]; οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅτι λέγεις. Answ. ἡ γραῦς δέ γε οἶδ᾽, ὡς ἐγῷμαι [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 577, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 1031, etc. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
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STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
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