sum
εἰμί(
A. sum), Aeol.
ἔμμι
Sapph. 2.15 , Theoc. 20.32 ; Cret.ἠμί
GDI 4959a ;2 sg. εἶ, Ep. and Ion.
εἰς
Od. 17.388
, al., Aeol.
ἔσσι, Ep. and Dor.
ἐσσί
Il. 1.176
, Pi. O. 6.90 , Sophr. 134 ; ἐσί
GDI 4959a
;3 sg. ἐστί, Dor.
ἐντί
IG 12(1).677
(Rhodes), Theoc. 1.17 , etc.;3 dual
ἐστόν
Th. 3.112
;1 pl. ἐσμέν, Ep. and Ion.
εἰμέν(also in Pi. P. 3.60 ), ἐμέν
Call. Fr. 294
, Dor.
εἰμές
Theoc. 15.73
, but ἠμέν
GDI 5178.34
;3 pl. εἰσί(-ίν), Ep. and Ion.
ἔασι(-ιν) Il. 7.73 , Xenoph. 8.1 , Antim. 29 , Herod. 4.84 , Dor.
ἐντί
Pi. N. 1.24
, Theoc. 11.45 , IG 9(1).32.22 (Phocis), etc.: imper.ἴσθι( ἔσθι
Hecat. 361
J. ), Ep. and Lyr. also in Med. form ἔσσο
Od. 3.200
, Sapph. 1.28 , Maced. Pae. 31 , late Prose ἔσο
Plu. 2.241d
, M.Ant. 3.5 , Hld. 5.12 , Porph. Marc. 34 ;3 sg. ἔστω( ἤτω
LXX Ps. 103.31
, and late Inscrr., CIG 2664 , al.; but in Pl. R. 361c leg.ἴτω), Dor.
εἴτω, ἤτω, Heraclid. ap. Eust. 1411.21 , Elean ἤστω
Schwyzer 424
;3 pl. ἔστωσαν, but ἔστων
Hom.
, Pl. R. 502a , ὄντων
Id. Lg. 879b
, and early Att. Inscrr., IG 12.22 , etc. (ἔστωσανfirst inii B. C., ib. 22.1328 ), Dor.
ἐόντωνib. 1126 :subj. ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, Ep.
ἔω
Od. 9.18
;3 sg.
ἔῃ
Il. 12.300
,al. (also ἔῃσι
2.366
, al.,ᾖσι(ν) 19.202 , Hes. Op. 294 ), also Boeot.
ἔνθω
IG 7.3172.165
, μετείω
Il. 23.47
and perh. εἴῃ
9.245
, etc.; Dor.
3 pl.
ὦντι
SIG 940.3
(Crete), ἔωντι
GDI 5040.14
(Hierapytna), Boeot.
ἴωνθι
IG 7.3171.46
(iii B. C.): opt.εἴην, -ης( εἴησθα
Thgn. 715
), -η, alsoἔοις, ἔοι, Il. 9.284 , 142 , al., cf. Hdt. 7.6 ;3 pl.
εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ.
1911.133
(Gonni);3 dual
εἴτην
Pl. Prm. 149e
, Sph. 243e ;1 pl.
εἶμεν
E. Alc. 921
(lyr.), Pl. ;2 pl.
εἶτε
Od. 21.195
;3 pl.
εἶεν
Il. 2.372
, etc., εἴησαν
Hdt. 1.2
, etc.; Eleanἔα,
= εἴη , SIG 9
(vi B. C.), andσύν-εαν,
= συνεῖεν , GDI 1149
(vi B. C.):inf. εἶναι, Arc.
ἦναι
SIG 306.9
(Tegea,iv B. C.); Ep.
ἔμμεναι(also Aeol.
ἔμμεν'
Sapph. 34
),ἔμμεν(also Pi. P. 6.42 , S. Ant. 623 (lyr.)),ἔμεναι, ἔμεν, also ἔμειν
SIG 1166
(Dodona); Dor.
εἶμενFoed. ap. Th. 5.77 , 79 , IG 7.1.7 (Megara), ἦμεν
Test.Epict. 5.16
, Tab.Heracl. 1.75 , Cret.ἦμενor ἤμην
Leg.Gort. 1.15
, al., GDI 4998i 2 , al., Megar. εἴμεναι
Ar. Ach. 775
, εἴμειν
IG 12(1).155.100
(Rhodes), 14.952 (Agrigentum);εἶνib. 12(9).211.10 (Eretria), SIG 135.4 (Olynthus), etc.:part. ὤν, Ep.
ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Cypr.
ἰών
Inscr.Cypr. 135.23
H.; Boeot. fem. ἰῶσα
IG 7.3172.116
(Orchom.), Aeol. and Dor. fem. ἔσσα
Sapph. 75.4
, IG 4.952.2 (Epid.), Theoc. 28.16 , ἐοῖσα
Pi. P. 4.265
, ἔασσα
Lyr.Alex.Adesp. 9
, Diotog. ap. Stob. 4.7.62 , εὖσα
Erinn. 5.5
(also Ion. , Herod. 5.16 , εὔντων
2.85
), ἐᾶσα
Ti.Locr. 96d
, IG 5(1).1470.8 (Messene), ἴαττα
Leg.Gort. 8.47
; acc. sg. εὖντα
Theoc. 2.3
; nom. sg.εἴςin Heraclid. ap. Eust. 1756.13 , pl. ἔντες
Tab.Heracl. 1.117
; dat. pl.ἔντασσιib. 104 ; gen. pl. παρ-έντων
Alcm. 64
:impf.
ἦν
Il. 2.77
, etc., Ep.
ἔον(also Aeol. , Alc. 127 , Sapph. Oxy. 1787
Fr. 3 ii 21 ), in Att.
ἦ(dub. in Aeol. , Alc. Supp. 14.9 ), Ar. Pl. 77 , Pl. Phd. 61b , etc., but usu. altered toἦνin codd. (andἦνis required by metre in E. Ion 280 ), contr. from Ep. and Ion.
ἦα( Il. 5.808 , al., IG 12(8).449.2 (Thasos), whence Hom.and later Ion.
ἔᾱ
Il. 4.321
, al., ἔας
Hdt. 1.187
, ἔατε
Id. 4.119
); Ep.
3 sg. ἦεν, always withνin Hom. ;ἔηνas1 sg., only Il. 11.762 (s. v.l., al.ἔον), freq. as3 sg.(generally before a consonant, so thatἔενis possible), sts. alsoἤην;2 sg. ἦσθα, laterἦς(wh. isv.l. in
Pi. I. 1.26 ), sts. in LXX ( Jd. 11.35 , Ru. 3.2 ,al.), cf. Pl. Ax. 365e , Erinn. 4.4 , Ev.Matt. 25.21 , al., ἦσθας
Men. Epit. 156
, Ep.
ἔησθα;3 sg. ἦν, Ep.
ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν(v. supr.), Dor. and Aeol.
ἦς
Alc. Supp. 30.1
, Epich. 102 , Sophr. 59 , Theoc. 2.90 , SIG 241.145 (Delph.);3 dual
ἤστην
Il. 5.10
, E. Hipp. 387 , Ar. Eq. 982 , Pl. Euthd. 272a , al.; Dor.
1 pl.
ἦμες
Plu. Lyc. 21
;2 pl.
ἦτε
Pl. Euthd. 276c
, ἦστε
Ar. Pax 821
, Ec. 1086 ;3 pl. ἦσαν, Ion. and Poet.ἔσαν(in Hes. Th. 321 , 825 ,ἦνis not pl. forἦσαν, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax,v.infr. v, but is3 pl.in Epich. 46 , al., SIG 560.15 (Epidamnus,iii B. C.)); Aeol.
ἔον
Schwyzer 644.12
; later ἤμην
PSI 4.362.21
(iii B. C.), SIG 527.46 (Crete,iii B. C.), IGRom. 4.1740 (Cyme), always in LXX as Ba. 1.19 , cf. Ev.Matt. 23.30 , Plu. 2.174a , etc., and sts. in codd. of earlier writers, Lys. 7.34 , Trag.Adesp. 124 (cited from E. Hel. 931 by Choerob. and from Id. Tr. 474 by Aps. ), X. Cyr. 6.1.9 , Hyp. Ath. 26 ,2 sg.
ἦσο
Epigr.Gr. 379
(Aezani),3 sg.
ἦστο
Supp.Epigr. 1.455.7
(Phrygia),1 pl.
ἤμεθα
PPetr. 2p.11
(iii B. C.), LXX Ba. 1.19 , 1 Ki. 25.16 , Ep.Eph. 2.3 ;subj.
ὦμαι
PBaden 48.12
(ii B. C.),ἦται GDI
1696 ,ἦνταιprob. in IG 5(1).1390.83 (Andania); Ion. and Ep. alsoἔσκον, used by A. Pers. 656 (lyr.):fut. ἔσομαι, ἔσται, Ep. and Aeol. alsoἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσεται; Aeol.
2 sg. ἔσσῃprob. in Alc. 67 , 87 ; Dor.
2 and3 sg. ἐσσῇ, ἐσσεῖται, Il. 2.393 , 13.317 , Theoc. 10.5 ,3 pl. ἐσσοῦνταιFoed. ap. Th. 5.77 codd. (but ἔσσονται
Tab.Heracl. 1.113
),inf.
ἐσσεῖσθαι
Sophr. 57
.—All forms of thepres.ind. are enclitic (exc.2 sg. εἶand3 pl. ἔασι); but3 sg.is writtenἔστιwhen it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately followsοὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, orτοῦτ', Hdn.Gr. 1.553 (alsoμήacc. to EM 301.3 ); later Gramm. wroteἔστιasSubst.Verb, Phot. , Eust. 880.22 .
A. as theSubst.Verb,
I. of persons,exist, οὐκ ἔσθ' οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ' ἔσσεται
Od. 16.437
;ἔτ' εἰσίtheyarestillin being, 15.433 , cf. S. Ph. 445 , etc.; τεθνηῶτος . . μηδ' ἔτ' ἐόντος
Od. 1.289
;οὐκέτ' ἐστίheisno more, E. Hipp. 1162 ;οὐδὲ δὴν ἦνhewasnot long-lived, Il. 6.131 ;ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, ofthose who areno more, Th. 2.45 , 44 ;οἱ ὄντεςtheliving, Plb. 9.29.2 ;ὁ ὤνtheEternal, LXX Ex. 3.14 , al., Ph. 1.289 ; θεοὶ αἰὲν ἐόντες
Il. 1.290
;ἐσσόμενοι posterity, 2.119 ; κἀγὼ γὰρ ἦ ποτ', ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκ εἴμ' ἔτι
E. Hec. 284
;ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Pl. Smp. 190c ; ζώντων καὶ ὄντων Ἀθηναίων
D. 18.72
, cf. Arist. GC 318b25 ; of things,εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Hdt. 3.17 , etc.; of cities, ὄλωλεν, οὐδ' ἔτ' ἐστὶ Τροία
E. Tr. 1292
, cf. Heracl. 491 ;δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Plu. Cat.Ma. 27 ;ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, D. 8.17 ; of money,to be in hand, τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων
IG 12.91.25
;τὰ ὄντα property, Pl. Grg. 511a , Plu. Ant. 24 , etc.;τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ. .future revenuefrom . . , BCH 46.420 (Olymos,i B. C.); of place,τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίανthelocalchurch, Act.Ap. 13.1 ; of time,τοῦ ὄντος μηνόςin thecurrentmonth, BGU 146.4 , etc.;in office, ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων
PPar. 5.4
(ii B. C.);αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powersthat be, Ep. Rom.
13.1 .
II. of therealworld,be, opp. become, γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι
Pl. Tht. 152d
, etc.;τὸ ὄν Being, Parm. 8.35 , Protag. 2 , Pl. Ti. 27d , etc.; opp.τὸ μὴ ὄν, Gorg. Fr. 3
D. , etc.; οὐδὲν γίνεται ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος
Epicur. Ep. 1p.5U.
; ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐποίησεν αὐτὰ ὁ θεός
LXX 2 Ma. 7.28
;τὰ ὄνταtheworld of things, Heraclit. 7 , Emp. 129.5 , etc.;ὄν indecl.,τῶν ὂν εἰδῶνspeciesof Being, Plot. 6.2.10 .
2. of circumstances, events, etc.,to happen, τά τ' ἐόντα, τά τ' ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ' ἐόντα
Il. 1.70
; ἡ ἐσβολὴ ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι
Th. 2.13
, etc.;τῆς προδοσίας οὔσηςsince treacherywas there, Id. 4.103 ;ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖso long as itlast, Id. 1.58 ; αἱ σπονδαὶ ἐνιαυτὸν ἔσονται
Id. 4.118
;τί ἐστιν; whatisit? what's the matter? Ar. Th. 193 ;τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; howcameitto pass? Pl. Phd. 58a : repeated with a relat. to avoid a positive assertion,ἔστι δ' ὅπῃ νῦν ἔ.thingsareas theyare, i.e. are ill, A. Ag. 67 .
III. be the factorthe case,διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστινtwice as large as itreally is, Th. 1.10 ;αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόνbeautyin its essence, Pl. Smp. 211c , cf. Phd. 74b ; freq. inpart.,τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγεινorφαίνεινthetruestory, Hdt. 1.95 , 116 ;τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαιtell thetruth, ib. 30 ; τὰ ὄντα ἀπαγγέλλειν
Th. 7.8
;σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, S. El. 584 , Ar. Ra. 1052 ;τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Pl. Prt. 328d , etc.; to apply a quotation to a case in point,τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Il. 6.484 ), X. HG 7.2.9 , cf. Pl. La. 196d ;κατὰ τὸ ἐόνaccording to thefact, rightly, Hdt. 1.97 ;πᾶν τὸ ἐόνthe wholetruth, Id. 9.11 ; τοῦ ἐόντος ἀποτεύξεται
Hp. VM 2
.
IV. folld. by the relat.,οὐκ ἔστιν ὅςorὅστις no one, οὐκ ἔσθ' ὃς . . ἀπαλάλκοι
Il. 22.348
; οὐκ ἔ. οὐδεὶς ὅς
E. El. 903
;οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ,
= οὐδενί , A. Pr. 293 (anap.), cf. 989 : freq. in pl.,εἰσὶν οἵ,=Lat.sunt qui, used exactly like ἔνιοι , Th. 6.88 , 7.44 , Pl. Men. 77d , Grg. 503a , etc. (εἰσί τινες οἵ. . Th. 3.24 );ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Id. 1.12 , 65 ; ἐστὶν ἃ εἰπεῖν
Id. 2.67
; ἦσαν οἵ
X. An. 5.2.14
; the sg. Verb is used even with masc. and fem. pl.,ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Hp. Fract. 1 , VC 4 , X. Cyr. 2.3.16 ; more freq. in oblique cases, ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν
Hdt. 7.187
; ἐστὶν ἀφ' ὧν
Th. 8.65
;ἐστὶ παρ' οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Id. 1.23 , 5.25 : in questionsὅστιςis used,ἔστιν ἥντινα δόξαν . . ἀπεκρίνατο; Pl. Men. 85b : with relat. Particles,ἐστὶν ἔνθα,=Lat.est ubi, X. Cyr. 7.4.15 , etc.;ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ' ὅπου,somehow,somewhere, Pl. Prt. 331d , A. Eu. 517 , S. OT 448 , etc.; in questions expecting a neg. answer,ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπως; Pl. Phlb. 35a , R. 493e , etc.; οὐ γάρ ἐσθ' ὅπως
Pi. Fr. 61
, cf. Hdt. 7.102 , A. Ag. 620 ;οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Ar. Pax 188 ; οὐκ ἔ. ὡς
Pl. Men. 76e
, etc.;ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ' ὅτε,sometimes, Pi. Fr. 180.2 , S. Aj. 56 , Th. 7.21 , etc.
V. ἦνis sts. used with pl. masc. and fem., usu. at the beginning of a sentence,there was, τῆς δ' ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί
Hes. Th. 321
; (but in ἦν δ' ἐρῳδιοί τε πολλοί
Epich. 46
, cf. 59 , al., it may be taken as Dor.
3 pl.); ἦν δ' ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες
S. Tr. 520
(lyr.);ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοιEpigr. ap. Aeschin. 3.184 ; less freq. ἔστι, ἔστι δὲ μεταξὺ . . ἑπτὰ στάδιοι
Hdt. 1.26
, cf. 7.34 ; ἔστι . . ἄρχοντές τε καὶ δῆμος
Pl. R. 463a
; before dual Nouns, Ar. V. 58 , Pl. Grg. 500d .
VI. ἔστιimpers., c.inf.,it is possible, ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι
Il. 20.246
; ἔστι μὲν εὕδειν, ἔστι δὲ τερπομένοισιν ἀκούειν
Od. 15.392
;εἴ τί πού ἐστι(sc.πιθέσθαι) 4.193 ; τοιάδε . . ἐστὶν ἀκοῦσαι
A. Pr. 1055
(anap.); ἔστι τεκμήρια ὁρᾶν
X. An. 3.2.13
, cf. Ar. Ra. 1163 , Aeschin. 3.105 , D. 18.272 , Arist. Ath. 53.6 , etc.; so in imper., opt., andsubj., ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ
IG 12.10.7
; μυρία ἂν εἴη λέγειν
Pl. Plt. 271e
; ὅπως ἂν ᾖ δρᾶν
IG 2.1054.91
: more freq. in neg. clauses, Il. 6.267 , etc.; folld. byὥστεc.inf., S. Ph. 656 : c. acc. etinf., ἁδόντα δ' εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν
Pi. P. 2.96
; ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία
A. Pr. 757
: sts. not impers. in this sense, θάλασσα δ' οὐκέτ' ἦν ἰδεῖν
Id. Pers. 419
.
b. ἔστωin argument,let it be granted, ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι
D.H. Comp. 25
; ἔστω σοι τοῦθ' οὕτως
Plu. 2.987b
; ἔστω εἶναί τινα τοιοῦτον
D.
Chr. 74.24 .
B. most freq.,to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence,signify, import, τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν
Pl. Cra. 398d
; esp. in the phraseτοῦτ' ἔστι,hoc est; Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν
Plu. Publ. 17
: with numerals,τὰ δὶς πέντε δέκα ἐστίνtwice fiveareten, X. Mem. 4.4.7 ;εἶναί τιςorτι,to besomebody, something,beof some consequence, v. τις; οὐδὲν εἶναι
Pl. R. 562d , etc.
2. periphr. with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: withpf. part.once in Hom. ,τετληότες εἰμέν, forτετλήκαμεν, Il. 5.873 ; so in Trag. and Att. ,ἦν τεθνηκώς, forἐτεθνήκει, A. Ag. 869 ;ἔσται δεδορκώςib. 1179 ; εἰμὶ γεγώς
S. Aj. 1299
; πεφυκός ἐστι
Ar. Av. 1473
; δεδρακότες εἰσίν
Th. 3.68
; κατακεκονότες ἔσεσθε
X. An. 7.6.36
: withaor. part., once in Hom. , βλήμενος ἦν
Il. 4.211
; soπροδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσει; S. OT 90 , 1146 , cf. A. Supp. 460 : withpres. part., ἦν προκείμενον
Id. Pers. 371
; φεύγων Ὀρέστης ἐστίν
Id. Ch. 136
; εἴην οὐκ ἂν εὖ φρονῶν
S. Aj. 1330
;τί δ' ἐστί . . φέρον; Id. OT 991 , cf. 274 , 708 ; λέγων ἐστίν τις
E. Hec. 1179
; ἦν τίς ς' ὑβρίζων
Id. HF 313
; πόρρω ἤδη εἶ πορευόμενος
Pl. Ly. 204b
; βαδίζων εἰμί
Ar. Ra. 36
; freq. in Hdt. , ἦσαν ἱέντες
1.57
, al.; even εἰσὶ διάφοροι ἐόντες
3.49
(s.v.l.):— if the Art. is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic,Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντεςthe persons who showed herwereCarians, Id. 1.171 ; αὐτὸς ἦν ὁ μαρτυρῶν
A. Eu. 798
; δόλος ἦν ὁ φράσας
S. El. 197
(anap.).
C. εἶναιis freq. modified in sense by the addition of Advbs., or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.:
I. εἶναιwith Advbs., where theAdv.often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate, ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι
Il. 14.122
, etc.;ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι,to besilent, 4.22 , Od. 2.82 ; σῖγα πᾶς ἔστω λεώς
E. Hec. 532
; διαγνῶναι χαλεπῶς ἦν ἄνδρα ἕκαστον
Il. 7.424
;ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go onsafely, Hdt. 4.134 ;ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Th. 6.88 , Pl. Prt. 356e : freq. impers. with words implying good or ill fortune,Κουρήτεσσι κακῶς ἦν it faredill with them, Il. 9.551 ; εὖ γὰρ ἔσται
E. Med. 89
, cf. Ar. Pl. 1188 , etc.; ἡδέως ἂν αὐτοῖς εἴη
D. 59.30
.
II. c. gen., to express descent or extraction, πατρὸς δ' εἴμ' ἀγαθοῖο
Il. 21.109
; αἵματός εἰς ἀγαθοῖο
Od. 4.611
, cf. Hdt. 3.71 , Th. 2.71 , etc.; πόλεως μεγίστης εἶ
X. An. 7.3.19
.
b. to express the material of which a thing is made,ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of. . , Hdt. 1.93 ;τῆς πόλιος ἐούσης δύο φαρσέωνib. 186 ;τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of. . , Id. 5.92 .ή, etc.
c. to express the class to which a person or thing belongs,εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one ofthem, Ar. Pl. 345 ; ἐτύγχανε βουλῆς ὤν
Th. 3.70
; ὅσοι ἦσαν τῶν προτέρων στρατιωτῶν
Id. 7.44
; Κριτίας τῶν τριάκοντα ὤν
X. Mem. 1.2.31
;ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class ofdisgraceful things, i. e.it isdisgraceful, D. 2.2 .
d. to express that a thing belongs to another, Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν
A. Ag. 269
; τὸ πεδίον ἦν μέν κοτε Χορασμίων
Hdt. 3.117
, etc.: hence,to be of the party of, ἦσαν . . τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου
D. 9.56
, cf. 37.53 ;to be de pendent upon, S. Ant. 737 , etc.;to be at the mercy of, ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ
Id. OT 917
.
e. to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and thelike,οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tisnot a woman'spart, A. Ag. 940 ; τὸ ἐπιτιμᾶν παντὸς εἶναι
D. 1.16
;τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter ofart,requiresart, Th. 1.142 , cf. 83 .
f. in LXX ,to be occupied about, ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν
2 Ch. 30.17
;ἔσεσθαι, c. gen.,to be about to, ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε
2 Ki. 10.11
.
III. with the dat.,ἐστί μοιIhave, freq. in Hom. , etc.
2. with two dats.,σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμαthat they and the Athenianshavenothingto doone with another, Hdt. 5.84 ; μηδὲν εἶναι σοὶ καὶ φιλίππῳ πρᾶγμα
D. 18.283
; more shortly,σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστι; Hdt. 5.33 ;τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάνῳ; D. 29.36 ;τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σοί; Lat.quid tecum est mihi?
Ev.Marc. 5.7 , etc.; alsoἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους(sc.ἐστίν) Isoc. 4.12 ; ἐν οἷς πρὸς τοὺς ἐναντίους ἐστὶ τῷ δήμῳ
D. 18.278
;ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, JHS 18.113 , etc.
3. withἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added,ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould beto my delight, Il. 14.108 ; οὐκ ἂν σφίσι βουλομένοις εἶναι
Th. 7.35
; προσδεχομένῳ
Id. 6.46
; θέλοντι
S. OT 1356
(lyr.); ἡδομένοις
Pl. La. 187c
.
IV. with Preps.,εἶναι ἀπό τινος,
= εἶναί τινος (supr. 11 .a), X. Mem. 1.6.9 ; εἰσὶν ἀπ' ἐναντίων αὗται πραγμάτων
Pl. Phlb. 12d
; butεἶναι ἀπ' οἴκου to beaway from . . , Th. 1.99 .
2. εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprungfrom,εἴμ' ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Il. 21.154 , 24.397 , etc.;ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it isof necessity, i. e. necessary, Pl. Sph. 256d .
3. εἶναι ἐν. .to bein a certain state, ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι
Hdt. 1.22
;ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Th. 6.46 , etc.; ἐν ταραχαῖς
D. 18.218
;εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to bein esteem, Th. 1.130 ;οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντεςthose in office, Hdt. 3.18 , etc.; butεἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engagedin . . , S. OT 562 , Pl. Phd. 59a .
b. ἐν σοί ἐστι it dependson thee, Hdt. 6.109 , S. Ph. 963 ; ἐν σοὶ γάρ ἐσμεν
Id. OT 314
; so also ἐπί τινι
Id. Ph. 1003
, X. Cyr. 1.6.2 , etc.
4. εἶναι διά. . , much like εἶναι ἐν . . ,εἶναι διὰ φόβου,
= φοβεῖσθαι , Th. 6.34 ;εἶναι δι' ὄχλου,
= ὀχληρὸν εἶναι , Id. 1.73 ; εἶναι διὰ μόχθων
X. Cyr. 1.6.25
;εἶναι δι' αἰτίας,
= αἰτιᾶσθαι , D.H. 1.70 ; Geom.,passthrough, διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου
Archim. Con.Sph. 20
.
5. εἶναι ἐφ' ἑαυτῆς to beby oneself, D. 25.23 ;εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to beara name, Id. 39.21 ;εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engagedin . . , Id. 2.12 ;εἶναι ἐπί τινα to beagainst him, Id. 6.33 ;εἶναι ἐφ' ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reachsixty stadia, X. An. 4.6.11 ;εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς passthrough the points of contact, Apollon. Perg. Con. 4.1 ;εἶναι ἐπί τινι,v.supr. 3 b.
6. εἶναι πρός τινος to bein one's favour, Th. 4.10 , 29 , etc.;to suit, X. An. 1.2.11 , etc.;εἶναι πρός τινι engagedin, Pl. Phd. 84c , Philostr. VA 5.31 ;πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mindone's own affairs, Arist. Pol. 1309a6 , Ath. 16.3 ; εἶναι πρὸς τὸ κωλύειν
Plb. 1.26.3
;πρὸς τὸ πονεῖνTeles p.46 H.; εἶναι περί τι
X. An. 3.5.7
, etc.
7. εἶναι παρά τινιorτινα,= παρειναι, Id. Cyr. 6.2.15 , Hdt. 8.140 .ά(s.v.l.).
8. εἶναι ὑπό τιναorτινι to besubjectto . . , X. HG 5.2.17 (s.v.l.), 6.2.4 .
9. περὶ τούτων ἐστίνthatisthe question, Men. Epit. 30 .
10. εἶναι ἀπό. . , in Geom.,to be constructedupon, Archim. Sph.Cyl. 2.9 , Con.Sph. 7 .
D. ἐστίis very freq. omitted, mostly in thepres.ind. before certain predicates, asἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neut. of Verbals in -τέος, and such forms asθαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less freq. with other persons and moods,εἰμίomitted, S. OT 92 , Aj. 813 ;εἶ, Od. 4.206 ;ἐσμέν, S. Ant. 634 ;ἐστέ, Od. 10.463 ;εἰσί, S. OT 499 (lyr.), IG 2.778
B;subj. ᾖ, Il. 14.376 , E. Hipp. 659 , Antipho 5.32 ; opt.εἴη, IG 22.1183.12 ;impf. ἦν, ib. 2.778
B;fut. ἔσονται, Od. 14.394 .
E. the Inf. freq. seems redundant,
1. in phrases implying power or will to do a thing,ἑκὼν εἶναι(v.ἑκών) κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι
Is. 2.32
; εἰς δύναμιν εἶναι
Pl. Plt. 300c
;τὸ ἐπ' ἐκείνοις εἶναι,quantum in illis esset, Th. 8.48 , X. HG 3.5.9 , cf. Lys. 13.58 ; τὸ ἐπὶ σφᾶς εἶναι
Th. 4.28
; τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον εἶναι
X. An. 1.6.9
; κατὰ τοῦτο εἶναι
Pl. Prt. 317a
;τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Id. Cra. 396e , La. 201c , Theopomp. Com. 98 , Decr. ap. Arist. Ath. 31.2 , etc.
2. after Verbs of naming or choosing, σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι
Pl. Prt. 311e
; σύμμαχόν μιν εἵλοντο εἶναι
Hdt. 8.134
; of giving, δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι
Il. 11.20
.
F. impf. ἦνissts. used where other languages take thepres.,
1. afterἄρα, to express a fact whichis and has always beenthe same,δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου . . ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατονhuman skin thenit appears is. . , Hdt. 4.64 ; Κύπρις οὐκ ἄρ' ἦν θεός
E. Hipp. 359
;ὡς ἄρ' ἦσθ' ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶςib. 1169 ; ἦ πολύμοχθον ἄρ' ἦν γένος . . ἁμερίων
Id. IA 1330
; ἦ στωμύλος ἦσθα
Theoc. 5.79
; so also when there is reference to a past thought,τουτὶ τί ἦν; whatisthis? Ar. Ach. 157 , cf. Pl. Cra. 387c : so in the Aristotelian formulaτὸ τί ἦν εἶναι( APo. 82b38 , al.), used to expressthe essential natureof a thing, whereτί ἦν(forἐστί) takes the place of the dat. in such phrases asτὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, APr. 67b12 , de An. 429b10 .
G. ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX , pleonastic for ἐγώ, ἐγώ εἰμι οὐχ ἥμαρτον
Jd. 11.27
, cf. 6.18 ; also ἔσται πᾶς ἀποκτενεῖ με
Ge. 4.14
.
