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μάλα[μᾰλᾰ; but Hom. sts. uses the ult. long beforeλ, Il. 3.214 , 4.379 ; beforeμ, 10.172 ],Adv.
A. very, exceedingly, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs:
1. strengthening the word with which it stands,
a. with Adjs., in Hom. most freq.,μάλα πολλά verymany, Od. 1.1 ;μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα,every one, alltogether, Il. 13.741 , Od. 2.306 , etc.;μάλ' ἀσκηθής allunhurt, 5.26 ;ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος quitegentle, 11.135 ;σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖονaquitesardonic smile, 20.302 ; μάλα μυρίοι
15.556
, 16.121 , etc.;ἐμέο πρότερος μ. actuallybefore me, Il. 10.124 ; later,μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ' ἀμφιλαφής, etc., Pl. Prm. 126b , Phdr. 230b , etc.: strengthd.,μ. δὴ πρεσβύτης veryold, X. Cyr. 8.7.1 ; μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι
Pl. R. 531e
.
b. with Advs.,πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ,quiteutterly, Il. 12.165 , 14.143 ; πάνυ μ.
Pl. Phd. 80c
;εὖ μ. rightwell, Od. 22.190 , Pl. Phd. 92d , etc.; μάλα . . εὖ
Od. 23.175
Close Browse lexicon entries , cf. Pl. Tht. 156a ;μάλ' αὐτίκα(v.αὐτίκα); μάλ' αἰείfor ever and aye, Il. 13.557 , 23.717 ;ἄχρι μ. κνέφαοςuntilquitedark, Od. 18.370 ;μάλ' ὧδε justin this way, 6.258 ;μ. διαμπερές rightthrough, Il. 20.362 ;μ. μόλις(v.μόλις); to express repeated action, μάλ' αὖθις
, etc.;μ.alone, ἔα, ἔα μ.
q. (so ἄλλος πύργος . . , καὶ ἕτερος μ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ
, cf. 7.186 ): freq. after καί, αὗταί ς' ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ' ἀσμένως
, cf. Ch. 879 : with neg.,μάλ' οὐ, μάλ' οὔ πως, Il. 2.241 , Od. 5.103 ; οὐ μ.
, 2.37 , S. Ph. 676 (lyr.).
c. with Verbs, μήτ' ἄρ με μάλ' αἴνεε
;ἡ δὲ μάλ' ἡνιόχευενdrovecarefully, Od. 6.319 ;μ . . . προπέμπει in earnest, A. Th. 915 (lyr.), cf. Eu. 368 (lyr.); καὶ μ. δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι
2. strengthening an assertion,νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι, i.e. nowor never, Il. 16.492 ;τῷ κε μάλ' ἤ κεν μεῖνε. . thendoubtlesshe would have stayed, Od. 4.733 ;σοὶ δὲ μάλ' ἕψομ' ἐγώyesindeed. . , Il. 10.108 ;ἀλλὰ μάλ' ὤφελλεςwhyplainly. . , Od. 4.472 : freq. with another word, asἦ μ. δή. . nowin verytruth, Il. 5.422 , etc.; ἦ δή που μ.
; freq.ἦ μ.(withoutδή) 3.204 , etc.
3. in Hom. sts. afterεἰ, asεἰ μ. μιν χόλος ἵκοιif wrath come on himever so much, Il. 17.399 , cf. Od. 5.485 , al.; καὶ εἰ μ. τις πολεμίζοι
; alsoμ. περc.part.,μ. περ μεμαώςthough desiringnever so much, 13.317 , cf. 14.58 , 17.710 , al.; καὶ μ. περ
, cf. 17.571 ; καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ' ἐόντα
4. in Att. freq. in answers,yes, certainly, μ. γε
, etc.;καὶ μ. δήib. 177a ;καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο certainlyit stopped, Id. Smp. 189a , etc.
μᾶλλον[ᾱby nature, Hdn.Gr. 2.932 ], Ion.
μάλιον [ᾰ]only in Tyrt. 12.6 , cf. Choerob.in An.Ox. 2.240 ; late Dor.
Pempel. ap. Stob. 4.25.52 :—more, rather, Il. 5.231 , Od. 1.351 , al.: mostly folld. byἤ, but in Prose also by a gen.,μ. τοῦ ξυμφέροντος more thanis expedient, Antipho 5.1 ; μ. τοῦ δέοντος
, X. Mem. 4.3.8 (sts. expressed byμᾶλλονalone, Pl. Phd. 63d ); οὐπώποτ' ἔργου μ. εἱλόμην λόγους
;παντὸς μ.most assuredly, Pl. Lg. 715d (v. infr. 8 ); in Id. Ap. 36d ,οὐκ ἔσθ' ὅτι μ. πρέπει οὕτως, ὡς . . , ὡςis prob. = ἤ (v.ὡς): denoting a constant increase,more and more, sts. doubled, μ. μ.
, Ar. Ra. 1001 (lyr.), Alex. 29 : in positive sense,exceedingly, κηρόθι μ.
, Od. 15.370 , al.:—Usage:
1. freq. strengthened by other words, πολὺ μ.
, al.; μ. ἔτ' ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν
, 429 , Hes. Th. 428 ; ἐπὶ μ.
, 1 Ep.Cor. 12.22 : also modified,μᾶλλόν τιsomewhatmore, μ. τι περιημέκτεε
, cf. 50 , etc.; μ. ἤδη προσδεχομένου
2. sts. with a second Comp. , ῥηί̈τεροι μ.
, cf. Hdt. 1.32 , A. Th. 673 , Supp. 279 , S. Ant. 1210 , E. El. 222 , Pl. Phd. 79e , Is. 4.14 (s.v.l.), Arist. Top. 116b24 .
3. μᾶλλον δέ much more. . , orrather. . , to correct a statement already made, ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ' ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός
, cf. Pl. Smp. 173e ; so ἢ μ.
, Simp. in Ph. 25.16 ;οὐχὶ μ. ἤ. . not so,but ratherso . . , Th. 2.87 .
4. μ. δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα moreor lessviolent, Id. 3.82 .
5. οὐδὲν μ.nonethe more, ib. 79 ; οὐδέν τι μ.
;μηδέν τι μ. ἤ. . S. Aj. 280 .
6. μ. ἤ. . folld. byοὐin comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial, πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους
: preceded by another neg., Hdt. 4.118 , 5.94 , 7.16 .γ́, etc.: by an interrog. which conveys a neg. force,τίδεῖ . . μᾶλλον, ἤ οὐ. . ; X. HG 6.3.15 .
7. τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον, a form of argument,a fortiori, Arist. Rh. 1397b12 .
μάλιστα most of all, above all, Hom. , etc.; πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ' ἐμοί
;μ. μὲν . . , ἔπειταorἔπειτα δέ. . ,first and above all. . , next . . , S. OT 647 , cf. Ph. 1285 ;μ. μὲν . . , δεύτερον δὲ. . Is. 2.20 ;μ. μὲν . . , εἰ δὲ μὴ. . Hdt. 8.22 , Th. 1.40 , Pl. R. 590d , D. 20.25 , etc.; τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶ μ. μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι
;μάλιστα μὲν . . , μᾶλλον μέντοι. . Pl. Smp. 180b ;μάλιστα . . , εἰ μὴ δ'. . S. Ph. 617 ;δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι certainly, Hdt. 3.53 ;τί μ.; whatprecisely? Pl. Grg. 448d , cf. Men. 80b , Smp. 218c : c. gen. partit., μ. πάντων
, Pl. Prt. 327a , cf. Th. 4.86 ;τὸ μ. πάντωνthesupremereality, Plot. 5.5.11 ;τὸ μ. εἶναιthehighest degreeof being, Id. 6.2.7 .
1. strengthd.,ὡς μ. certainly, A. Supp. 294 , Pl. R. 460a , etc.; ὅσον μ.
; εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μ.
2. with the Art.,ἐς τὰ μ. in the highest degree, Hdt. 1.20 , 2.76 , Th. 6.104 , 8.6 , D. 21.212 : without ἐς, φίλοι τὰ μ.
, cf. Th. 1.92 , D. 21.62 ; τά γε μ.
;εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖςif they wereever sotrue, D. 18.95 ;εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες. . if (to put an extreme case) not some, but all . . , Id. 20.2 ; εἰ . . δοκοίη τὰ μ.
;ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ.as famous as he that ismost[famous], Hdt. 7.118 , cf. 3.8 ; τοῖς μάλισθ' ὁμοίως
b. ἐν τοῖς μ. especially, as much as any, Th. 8.90 , Pl. Smp. 173b , etc.: with a Sup. , ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος
; φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μ.
3. added to a Sup. (v. μάλα
,πλεῖστον), ἔχθιστος μ., μ. φίλτατος, Il. 2.220 , 24.334 ; μ. κῃ ἐμφερέστατα
: to a Comp. (?), μ. δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο
4. μάλισταfor μᾶλλον, μ. τῆς κόρης
5. with numerals,in round numbers, about, Th. 3.29 , 92 , X. HG 5.2.31 , etc.;πεντήκοντα μάλισταis 49 in Th. 1.118 ; ἑκατοστὸς μ.
h, Id. 8.68 ;ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ aboutthe middle, Hdt. 1.191 , cf. 76 ; ἥμισυ μ.
;μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦνταςthat they wereaboutthe middle of supper, Pl. Smp. 175c ; κου μ.
6. in answers,most certainly, Ar. Pl. 827 , etc.; μ. γε
, Ar. Nu. 253 ; μ. πάντων
;v.supr. 1.4 . (Orig. perh.fiercely, cf.μαλερός.)
References Hom. Od. 1.1 Il. 13.741 Od. 2.306 5.26 11.135 20.302 15.556 16.121 Il. 10.124 Pl. Prm. 126b Phdr. 230b X. Cyr. 8.7.1 Pl. R. 531e Il. 12.165 14.143 Pl. Phd. 80c Od. 22.190 Pl. Phd. 92d Od. 23.175 Pl. Tht. 156a Il. 13.557 23.717 Od. 18.370 6.258 Il. 20.362 A. Ag. 1345 Ch. 654 S. El. 1410 A. Ch. 870 Id. Pers. 1045 Ar. Pax 460s Hdt. 1.181 7.186 A. Pr. 728 Ch. 879 Il. 2.241 Od. 5.103 Hdt. 1.93 2.37 S. Ph. 676 Il. 10.249 1.218 Od. 6.319 A. Th. 915 Eu. 368 X. Cyr. 6.1.36 Id. HG 7.1.25 Il. 16.492 Od. 4.733 Il. 10.108 Od. 4.472 Il. 5.422 21.583 3.204 Il. 17.399 Od. 5.485 Il. 9.318 13.317 14.58 17.710 1.217 17.571 Od. 18.385 Pl. R. 555d 564e X. Mem. 1.2.46 Pl. Phdr. 258c Id. Tht. 148c 177a Id. Smp. 189a 2.932 Tyrt. 12.6 An.Ox. 2.240 Pempel. Stob. 4.25.52 Il. 5.231 Od. 1.351 Antipho 5.1 Pl. Grg. 487b X. Mem. 4.3.8 Pl. Phd. 63d E. Fr. 394 Pl. Lg. 715d 8 Id. Ap. 36d E. IT 1406 Ar. Ra. 1001 Alex. 29 Il. 9.300 Od. 15.370 Il. 9.700 14.97 Od. 1.322 Il. 8.470 Od. 18.22 Pi. P. 10.57 Il. 23.386 429 Hes. Th. 428 Liddell–Scott–Jones — CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0
Liddell-Scott-Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940), public domain text. Unicode conversion by Giuseppe G. A. Celano, gcelano/LSJ_GreekUnicode, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Source via Perseus Project, Tufts University.
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