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μάλα [μᾰλᾰ;
but [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] sometimes uses the ultima long before λ, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.214, 4.379 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; before μ, [[ 10.172], ] Refs] adverb very, exceedingly, prefixed or subjoined to Adjectives, Verbs, and Adverbs:
__1 strengthening the word with which it stands,
__1.a with adjectives, in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus most frequently, μάλα πολλά] Refs 8th c.BC+] very many, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.1 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μ. πᾶσα, μ. πάντα, every one, all together, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.741, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.306, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μάλ᾽ ἀσκηθής all unhurt, [[ 5.26 ] Refs]; ἀβληχρὸς μ. τοῖος quite gentle, [[ 11.135 ] Refs]; σαρδάνιον μ. τοῖον a quite sardonic smile,[[ 20.302; μάλα μυρίοι 15.556, 16.121, etc.] Refs]; ἐμέο πρότερος μ. actually before me, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.124 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; later, μ. φιλόσοφοι, πλάτανος μάλ᾽ ἀμφιλαφής, etc., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 126b, “Phdr.” 230b, etc.: strengthened, μ. δὴ πρεσβύτης] Refs 5th c.BC+] very old, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.7.1; μ. γέ τινες ὀλίγοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 531e. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__1.b with Advs., πάγχυ μ., μ. πάγχυ, quite utterly, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.165, 14.143; πάνυ μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 80c ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; εὖ μ. right well, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.190, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 92d, etc.; μάλα.. εὖ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.175, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 156a ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μάλ᾽ αὐτίκα (see. αὐτίκα); μάλ᾽ αἰεί for ever and aye, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.557, 23.717 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄχρι μ. κνέφαος until quite dark, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.370 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μάλ᾽ ὧδε just in this way, [[ 6.258 ] Refs]; μ. διαμπερές right through, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.362 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μ. μόλις (see. μόλις); to express repeated action, μάλ᾽ αὖθις [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1345, “Ch.” 654; μάλ᾽ αὖ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1410, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. alone, ἔα, ἔα μ. [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 870; οἲ μ. καὶ τόδ᾽ ἀλγῶ [prev. author] “Pers.” 1045 (Lyric poetry); εἶα μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 460s q. (so ἄλλος πύργος.., καὶ ἕτερος μ. ἐπὶ τούτῳ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.181, compare 7.186): frequently after καί, αὗταί σ᾽ ὁδηγήσουσι καὶ μάλ᾽ ἀσμένως 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 728, compare “Ch.” 879: with _negative_, μάλ᾽ οὐ, μάλ᾽ οὔ πως, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.241, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.103; οὐ μ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.93, 2.37, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 676 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __1.c with Verbs, μήτ᾽ ἄρ με μάλ᾽ αἴνεε [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.249; μ. τ᾽ ἔκλυον αὐτοῦ 1.218 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ δὲ μάλ᾽ ἡνιόχευεν drove carefully, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.319 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μ... προπέμπει in earnest, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 915 (Lyric poetry), compare “Eu.” 368 (Lyric poetry); καὶ μ. δοκοῦντας φρονίμους εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.36; μ. πολιορκούμενοι [prev. author] “HG” 7.1.25. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 strengthening an assertion, νῦν σε μ. χρὴ αἰχμητὴν ἔμεναι, i.e. now or never, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.492 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τῷ κε μάλ᾽ ἤ κεν μεῖνε.. then doubtless he would have stayed, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.733 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; σοὶ δὲ μάλ᾽ ἕψομ᾽ ἐγώ yes indeed.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.108 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀλλὰ μάλ᾽ ὤφελλες why plainly.., [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.472: frequently with another word, as ἦ μ. δή] Refs 8th c.BC+].. now in very truth, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.422, etc.; ἦ δή που μ. 21.583; frequently ἦ μ. (without δή) 3.204, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__3 in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus sometimes after εἰ, as εἰ μ. μιν χόλος ἵκοι] Refs 8th c.BC+] if wrath come on him ever so much, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.399, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.485, +others; καὶ εἰ μ. τις πολεμίζοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.318 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also μ. περ with participle, μ. περ μεμαώς though desiring never so much, [[ 13.317, compare 14.58, 17.710, +others] Refs]; καὶ μ. περ [[ 1.217, compare 17.571; καὶ εὐρέα περ μάλ᾽ ἐόντα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.385. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__4 in Attic dialect frequently in answers, yes, certainly, μ. γε [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 555d, 564e, etc.; μ. τοι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.2.46; καὶ μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 258c; καὶ μ. γε [prev. author] “Tht.” 148c, etc.; καὶ μ. δή [prev. work] 177a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καὶ μ. ἐπαύσατο certainly it stopped, [[ [prev. author] “Smp.” 189a, etc. ] Refs]
__II comparative μᾶλλον [ᾱ by nature, Hdn.Gr.[[ 2.932], _Ionic dialect_ ] Refs]μάλιον [ᾰ] only in [[ 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 12.6, cf. Choerob.in “Anecdota Graeca - MSS. Bibl. Oxon.” 2.240] Refs 7th c.BC+]; late Doric dialect μαλλότερον [[ Pempelus Philosophus cited in 5th c.AD: Stobaeus, Joannes 4.25.52] Refs 5th c.AD+]:—more, rather, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.231, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.351, +others: mostly followed by ἤ, but in Prose also by a _genitive_, μ. τοῦ ξυμφέροντος] Refs 8th c.BC+] more than is expedient, [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.1; μ. τοῦ δέοντος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 487b, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.3.8 (sometimes expressed by μᾶλλον alone, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 63d); οὐπώποτ᾽ ἔργου μ. εἱλόμην λόγους 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 394 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παντὸς μ. most assuredly, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 715d (see. below 8); in [prev. author] “Ap.” 36d, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅτι μ. πρέπει οὕτως, ὡς.., ὡς is probably ={ἤ} (see. ὡς)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: denoting a constant increase, more and more, sometimes doubled, μ. μ. [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1406, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 1001 (Lyric poetry), 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 29 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in positive sense, exceedingly, κηρόθι μ. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.300, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.370, +others:] Refs 8th c.BC+] —Usage:
__II.1 frequently strengthened by other words, πολὺ μ. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.700, etc.; ἔτι μ. 14.97, +others; μ. ἔτ᾽ ἢ τὸ πάροιθεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.322; καὶ μ. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.470; καὶ μ. ἔτι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.22; ἔτι καὶ μ. 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 10.57; ἔτι καὶ πολὺ μ. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.386, 429, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 428; ἐπὶ μ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.104; ἔτι ἐπὶ μ. [prev. author] 1.94; πολλῷ μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 80e, NT.1Cor.12.22: also modified, μᾶλλόν τι] NT+8th c.BC+] somewhat more, μ. τι περιημέκτεε [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.114, compare 50, etc.; μ. ἤδη προσδεχομένου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.71. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2 sometimes with a second comparative, ῥηΐτεροι μ. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.243, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.32, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 673, “Supp.” 279, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1210, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Electra” 222, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 79e, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 4.14 (assuming variant), 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 116b24. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.3 μᾶλλον δέ much more.., or rather.., to correct a statement already made, ὁ δεσπότης πέπραγεν εὐτυχέστατα, μ. δ᾽ ὁ Πλοῦτος αὐτός [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 634; πολλοί, μ. δὲ πάντες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.65, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 173e; so ἢ μ. 1st c.AD: Cornutus Philosophus “de Natura Deorum” 20, 6th c.AD: Simplicius Philosophus “in Aristotelis Physica commentaria - Comm. in Arist. Graeca” 25.16 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐχὶ μ. ἤ.. not so, but rather so.., [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.87. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4 μ. δὲ καὶ ἡσυχαίτερα more or less violent, [[ [prev. author] 3.82. ] Refs]
__II.5 οὐδὲν μ. none the more,[[ [prev. work] 79; οὐδέν τι μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 87d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μηδέν τι μ. ἤ.. [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 280. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.6 μ. ἤ.. followed by οὐ in comparisons, where preference implies rejection or denial, πόλιν ὅλην διαφθεῖραι μᾶλλον ἤ οὐ τοὺς αἰτίους [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.36 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: preceded by another negative, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.118, 5.94, 7.16. γ, etc.: by an _interrogative_ which conveys a _negative_ force, τίδεῖ.. μᾶλλον, ἤ οὐ..; 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.3.15. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.7 τὸ μ. καὶ ἧττον, a form of argument, a fortiori, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1397b12. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.8 παντὸς μ., see at {πᾶς} [[ III.4. ] Refs]
__III superlative μάλιστα most of all, above all, [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, etc.; πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ᾽ ἐμοί 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.353 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; μ. μὲν.., ἔπειτα or ἔπειτα δέ.., first and above all.., next.., [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 647, compare “Ph.” 1285 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. μὲν.., δεύτερον δὲ.. [[ 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 2.20 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; μ. μὲν.., εἰ δὲ μὴ.. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.22, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.40, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 590d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.25, etc.; τοῦτο δ᾽ ἐστὶ μ. μὲν θάνατος, εἰ δὲ μή, πάντα τὰ ὄντα ἀφελέσθαι [prev. author] 21.152 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μάλιστα μὲν.., μᾶλλον μέντοι.. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 180b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μάλιστα.., εἰ μὴ δ᾽.. [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 617 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δοκέων μιν μ. ταύτης ἂν πείθεσθαι certainly, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.53 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί μ.; what precisely? [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 448d, compare “Men.” 80b, “Smp.” 218c: with _genitive_ _partitive_, μ. πάντων 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.37, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 327a, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.86 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ μ. πάντων the supreme reality, [[ 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 5.5.11 ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]; τὸ μ. εἶναι the highest degree of being, [[ [prev. author] 6.2.7. ] Refs]
__III.1 strengthened, ὡς μ. certainly, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 294, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 460a, etc.; ὅσον μ. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 524; ὅσα ἐδύνατο μ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.185; ὡς δύναμαι μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 367b; ὡς οἷόν τε μ. [prev. author] “Grg.” 510b; εἰς ὅσον ἀνθρώπῳ δυνατὸν μ. [prev. author] “Phdr.” 277a; ὅτι μ. δύνασαι [prev. author] “Sph.” 239b; μακρῷ μ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.171; πολλῷ μ. 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 1.42.3; παντὸς μ. 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis 3.35, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2 with the Article, ἐς τὰ μ. in the highest degree, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.20, 2.76, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.104, 8.6, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.212: without ἐς, φίλοι τὰ μ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.147, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.92, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.62; τά γε μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 794d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰ τὰ μ. ἦσαν ἀληθεῖς if they were ever so true, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.95 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; εἰ τὰ μ. μὴ τινές, ἀλλὰ πάντες.. if (to put an extreme case) not some, but all.., [[ [prev. author] 20.2; εἰ.. δοκοίη τὰ μ. [prev. author] 18.21 ] Refs]; ἀνὴρ δόκιμος ὁμοῖα τῷ μ. as famous as he that is most [famous], [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.118, compare 3.8; τοῖς μάλισθ᾽ ὁμοίως 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator “Epistulae” 2.24. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2.b ἐν τοῖς μ. especially, as much as any, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.90, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 173b, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with a superlative, ἐν τοῖς μ. ὠμότατος [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 14.40; φιλτάτη καὶ ἀναγκαιοτάτη ἐν τοῖς μ. 6th c.AD: Procopius Caesariensis Historicus “Historia Arcana” 4. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III.3 added to a superlative (see. μάλα [[ 11.2, πλεῖστον), ἔχθιστος μ., μ. φίλτατος, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.220, 24.334; μ. κῃ ἐμφερέστατα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.76; μ. φίλτατος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 1421: to a _comparative_ (?), μ. δὴ ὀκνηρότεροι ἐγένοντο 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.55. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III.4 μάλιστα for μᾶλλον, μ. τῆς κόρης [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” [1594]; μ. ἤ ἐμοί 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 3.91. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.5 with numerals, in round numbers, about, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.29, 92, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.2.31, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πεντήκοντα μάλιστα[[ is 49 in 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.118; ἑκατοστὸς μ. 99t h, [prev. author] 8.68 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς μέσον μάλιστά κῃ about the middle, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.191, compare 76; ἥμισυ μ. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.93 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μ. σφᾶς μεσοῦν δειπνοῦντας that they were about the middle of supper, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 175c; κου μ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.22; μ. πως 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.41.13. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.6 in answers, most certainly, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 827, etc.; μ. γε 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 994, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 253; μ. πάντων [prev. author] “Av.” 1531; πάντων μ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 453d; see above 1.4 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]. (Orig. perhaps fiercely, compare μαλερός.)
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