(anap.) ;ὅπως ἁ πάνδυρτος ἀηδώνib. 1076 (lyr.), cf. Ph. 777 , E. Andr. 1140 ; ὅκως τις καλλίης κάτω κύπτων
Herod. 3.41
; so in Locr. Prose, ὅπὡς̓ ξένον
IG 9(1).334.2
(V B.C.).
5.
like ὡς orὅτι,with Sup. of Advs., ὅ. ἄριστα
A. Ag. 600
, IG 12.44.8 , etc.;ὅ. ἀνωτάτωas high upaspossible, Ar. Pax 207 ; in full,οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα(sc.ἔχει) S. Tr. 330 .
6. with a gen. added,σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶνrunas you are off forfeet, i. e. as quick as you can, A. Supp. 837 (lyr., where however<ἔχετε>shd. prob. be added);v.infr. 111.10 ,ἔχω(A) B. 11.2b .
, cf. 12.208 , Od. 3.373 : freq. in Hdt. with opt.,whenever,
ὅκως μὲν εἴη ἐν τῇ γῇ καρπὸς ἁδρός
1.17
, cf. 68 , 100 , 162 , 186 , 2.13 , 174 , al.: in Trag. and Com., A. Pers. 198 , S. El. 749 , Tr. 765 , Ar. Nu. 60 : with Sup. of Advs., ὅ. πρῶτα as soon as,
Hes. Th. 156
; ὅ. ὤκιστα
Thgn. 427
; ὅ. τάχιστα
A. Pr. 230
.
8. of Place,where,dub. in Herod. 3.75 .
II. ὅπωςis sts. used to introduce the substance of a statement, after Verbs of saying, thinking, or perceiving,that, how,
S. El. 963 , E. Heracl. 1051 ; after Verbs of emotion,ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχος . . , ὅπως δὴ δηρὸν ἀποίχεταιgrief is mine, when I thinkhow . .(i. e.that . .), Od. 4.109 , cf. S. Ph. 169 (lyr.); afterθαυμάζωfreq. in Att. , θαυμάζω ὅ. ποτὲ ἐπείσθησαν Ἀθηναῖοι
X. Mem. 1.1.20
, cf. Pl. Cri. 43a .
2. οὐχ ὅ . . . ἀλλὰorἀλλὰ καὶ . .isnot only not . . but . . ,and is expld. by an ellipsis ofλέγωorἐρῶ(cf.ὅτιIV),οὐχ ὅ. κωλυταὶ . . γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ . . δύναμιν προσλαβεῖν περιόψεσθε not onlywill younotbecome . . ,butyou willalso . . ,
: so sts.μὴ ὅ.(where an imper. must be supplied),μὴ ὅ. ὀρχεῖσθαι ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὀρθοῦσθαι ἐδύνασθε do not think thatyou could dance= so far from being ableto dance, X. Cyr. 1.3.10 .
b. οὐχ ὅ.rarely follows another clause,to say nothing of . . , let alone . . ,
7. after Verbs of fear and caution,ὅπωςandὅπως μήare used withfut.ind. oraor. subj.:— the readings are freq. uncertain : the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,
: sts. the preceding Verb is omitted, withaor. subj., ὅκως μή τι ὑμῖν πανώλεθρον κακὸν ἐς τὴν χώρην ἐσβάλωσι
Hdt. 6.85
: withpres. subj., ὅπως μὴ . . ᾖ τοῦτο
Pl. Cra. 430d
.
c. with opt. representingsubj.after a historical tense, X. Mem. 2.9.3 .
8. this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the orig. Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes, ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι
Hdt. 3.36
; ἄθρει . . ὅπως μὴ ἐκδύσεται
Ar. V. 141
;τηρώμεσθ' ὅπως μὴ . . αἰσθήσεταιib. 372 : but this came to be omitted, andὅπωςorὅπως μήwithfut.ind. oraor. subj.are exactly=the imper., ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς
Id. Ra. 378
(lyr.) : most freq. withfut.ind.,ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων,
= δίδου λόγον , Hdt. 3.142 ;ὅπως παρέσει μοι,
= πάρισθι , Ar. Av. 131 ; ὅπως πετήσει
Id. Pax 77
, cf. X. An. 1.7.3 , Lys. 1.21 , 12.50 , Pl. Grg. 489a , etc.: rarely with I pers., ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυός, ὅπως τῆσδ' ἕξομαι
codd.—The codd. freq. vary, as betweenδιδάξειςand -ξῃς
Ar. Nu. 824
;τιμωρήσονταιand -ωνται
Th. 1.56
;πράξομενand-ωμενib. 82 ;θορυβήσειand -σῃ
D. 13.14
, etc.—Since thefut.is frequently, and theaor.(whether 1 or 2 ) rarely guaranteed by metre or form, theaor. 1forms shd. prob. be rejected, both in signf. 7 and 8 , in cases where codd. vary.
9. as the echo to a precedingπῶς; in dialogue,A καὶ πῶς;B ὅπως; [do you ask]how?
Ar. Eq. 128 ;A πῶς με χρὴ καλεῖν;B ὅπως; Id. Nu. 677 , cf. Pl. 139 .
10. with a gen. (v. supr. 1.6 ), οὐκ οἶδα παιδείας ὅπως ἔχει καὶ δικαιοσύνης in the matter of . . ,
Pl. Grg. 470e
, cf. R. 389c .
IV. indirectquestions,how? ἔπραξας ὅπως; Jul. Ep. 82p.106B. -C.; cf.ὅστις.
V. indef.,anyhow, τὸ οὐδ' ὅ.the expression 'notat all', Pl. Tht. 183b ( v.l. οὐδ' οὕτως ).
B. FINAL CONJUNCTION,that, in order that,the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, cf.ἵνα,with which it is sts. interchanged, Antipho 1.23 and 24 , And. 3.14 , Lycurg. 119 sq.:—in early Att. Inscrr. onlyὅπως ἄνis used, IG 12.39.19 , al. ;ὅπωςwithoutἄνonly once in cent.iv B. C., ib. 22.226.42 ( 343 B.C.), after which it becomes gradually prevalent:
1. withsubj.,
a. after primary tenses, or aftersubj.or imper., τὸν δὲ μνηστῆρες . . λοχῶσιν, ὅπως ἀπὸ φῦλον ὄληται
Od. 14.181
, cf. A. Ch. 873 , S. Ph. 238 , El. 457 , X. Mem. 2.10.2 , etc.
b. after historical tenses (v. ἵνα
B. 1.1b
), when there is nopf.form, or when theaor.represents thepf.,ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμενwe were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, Ar. Ec. 117 ; παρήλθομεν . . , ὅπως μὴ χεῖρον βουλεύσησθε
Th. 1.73
; also when the occurrence purposed is regarded from the point of view of the person purposing,ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι . . τὸ αὐτῶν [ναυτικὸν] ἐμπόδιον γένηταιib. 31 , cf. 57 , 65 , etc.: sts. the opt. andsubj.appear in consecutive clauses, φρυκτοὺς παρεσκευασμένους ἐς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅπως ἀσαφῆ τὰ σημεῖα . . ᾖ καὶ μὴ βοηθοῖεν
Id. 3.22
, cf. 6.96 , 7.17 .
2. with opt. after historical tenses, πὰρ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς ἔστη, ὅπως . . κῆρας ἀλάλκοι
Il. 21.548
; more freq. in Od. , as 13.319 , 14.312 , 18.160 , 22.472 ; so in S. OT 1005 , OC 1305 , X. Cyr. 1.4.25 , Pl. Ti. 77e , etc.: after historicalpres., πέμπει τούσδ' ὅπως κτείνοιεν
A. Pers. 450
; ἡγεμόνα πέμπει ὅπως ἄγοι
X. An. 4.7.19
: after opt., ἔλθοι . . ὅ. γένοιτο
A. Eu. 297
, cf. S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.).
3. with ind.,
a. of historical tenses, where the principal clause expresses an action or obligation unfulfilled, εἴθ' εἶχε φωνὴν ἔμφρον' ἀγγέλου δίκην, ὅ. δίφροντις οὖσα μὴ 'κινυσσόμην
A. Ch. 196
, cf. S. El. 1134 : rare in Prose, ἐδεξάμην ἃν . . φράσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς . . , ὅ . . . προῄδετε
