Epic dialect also and Aeolic dialect ὅππως, Ionic dialect ὅκως, Doric dialect ὁπῶς accusative to [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 173.11: correlated to ὡς and πῶς.] Refs 2nd c.AD+] adverb of Manner, Relat. as, in such manner as, and with interrogative force how, in what manner, rarely indefinite, see below [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus V. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B FINAL CONJUNCTION, in such a manner that, in order that. adverb of Manner, how, as:
__B.I Relat. to ὥς or οὕτως (like ὡς), in such manner as, as:
__B.I.2.b with optative after historical tenses, οὕτως ὅ. τύχοιεν [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.95; ὅ. βούλοιντο 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in a gnomic statement, εἰκῇ κράτιστον ζῆν ὅ. δύναιτό τις [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 979: when ἄν appears with the _optative_, it belongs to the Verb and not to ὅπως, ὅ. ἄν τις ὀνομάσαι τοῦτο] Refs 5th c.BC+] however one might think fit to call it, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.4. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.I.3 a very common phrase is οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. (οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως) there is no way in which.., it cannot be that, οὐκ ἔστι ὅκως κοτὲ σοὺς δέξονται λόγους [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.102, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 18, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.208, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. οὐ, fieri non potest quin, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ. οὐ πιστὸν ἐξ ὑμῶν πτερὸν ἐξήγαγ᾽ [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 97, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 116, “Eq.” 426, “Th.” 882, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 27e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδαμῶς ὅ. οὐ, in answer, it must positively be so, [[ [prev. author] “Tht.” 160d; so also οὐκ ἂν γένοιτο τοῦθ᾽ ὅ... οὐ φανῶ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1058 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ γὰρ γένοιτ᾽ ἄν, ταῦθ᾽ ὅ. οὐχ ὧδ᾽ ἔχειν (anacoluthon for ἔχει or ἕξει) [[ [prev. author] “Aj.” 378: so in questions, ἔσθ᾽ ὅ... ἔλθωμε; 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 471 (variant{-οιμεν}) ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔστιν οὖν ὅ. ὁ τοιοῦτος φιλοσοφήσε; [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 495a, compare “Phdr.” 262b, “Tht.” 154c: so, besides _indicative_ of all tenses, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅ.] Refs 5th c.BC+] may be followed by optative with ἄν, οὐ γάρ ἐσθ᾽ ὅπως μί᾽ ἡμέρα γένοιτ᾽ ἂν ἡμέραι δύο [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1181, compare “V.” 212, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.156, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Laches” 184c: by _indicative_ with ἄν, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅπως ἂν.. κατέστησαν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 15.206, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 33.28: ἄν] Refs 5th c.BC+] is omitted in οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὅπως λέξαιμι [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 620, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 52, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 471 (variant{ἔλθωμεν}). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.I.5 like{ὡς} or ὅτι, with superlative of Advs., ὅ. ἄριστα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 600, “IG” 12.44.8, etc.] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὅ. ἀνωτάτω as high up as possible, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Pax” 207 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in full, οὕτως ὅ. ἥδιστα (i.e. ἔχει) [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 330. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.I.6 with a genitive added, σοῦσθε ὅ. ποδῶν run as you are off for feet, i. e. as quick as you can, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 837 (Lyric poetry, where however [ἔχετε] should probably be added); see below 111.10, ἔχω (A) 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.2b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.III.7 after Verbs of fear and caution, ὅπως and ὅπως μή are used with future indicative or aorist subjunctive:— the readings are frequently uncertain: the following (among others) are made certain either by the metre or the form,
__B.III.7.c with optative representing subjunctive after a historical tense, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.9.3. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.III.8 this Constr. is used in admonitions or commands: in the originally Constr. a Verb implying caution or circumspection precedes, ὅρα ὅκως μή σευ ἀποστήσονται Πέρσαι [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.36; ἄθρει.. ὅπως μὴ ἐκδύσεται 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 141; τηρώμεσθ᾽ ὅπως μὴ.. αἰσθήσεται [prev. work] 372: but this came to be omitted, and ὅπως or ὅπως μή] Refs 5th c.BC+] with future indicative or aorist subjunctive are exactly = the imperative, ἔμβα χὤπως ἀρεῖς [[ [prev. author] “Ra.” 378 (Lyric poetry): most frequently with ] Refs]future indicative, ὅκως λόγον δώσεις τῶν μετεχείρισας χρημάτων, ={δίδου λόγον}, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.142 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὅπως παρέσει μοι, ={πάρισθι}, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 131; ὅπως πετήσει [prev. author] “Pax” 77, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.3, 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.21, 12.50, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 489a, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]: rarely with I person, ὁποῖα κισσὸς δρυός, ὅπως τῆσδ᾽ ἕξομαι [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 398, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 297 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: very rarely with aorist subjunctive, ὅπως μή τι ἡμᾶς σφήλῃ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 296a codices; ὅπως μὴ.. ἐξαπατήσῃ [prev. author] “Prt.” 313c; ὅπως μὴ ποιήσητε 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.20 codices] Refs 5th c.BC+] —The codices frequently vary, as between διδάξεις and -ξῃς [[5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 824 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τιμωρήσονται and -ωνται[[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.56; πράξομεν and -ωμεν [prev. work] 82 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; θορυβήσει and -σῃ[[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 13.14, etc.] Refs 4th c.BC+] —Since the future is frequently, and the aorist (whether 1 or 2) rarely guaranteed by metre or form, the aorist 1 forms should probably be rejected, both in signification 7 and 8, in cases where codices vary.
__B.III.9 as the echo to a preceding πῶ; in dialogue, A καὶ πῶ; B ὅπως"; [do you ask] how? [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 128; A πῶς με χρὴ καλεῖ; B ὅπω; [prev. author] “Nu.” 677, compare “Pl.” 139. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.III.10 with a genitive (see.[[ above 1.6), οὐκ οἶδα παιδείας ὅπως ἔχει καὶ δικαιοσύνης ] Refs]in the matter of.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 470e, compare “R.” 389c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.IV in direct questions, how? ἔπραξας ὅπω; [[ 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Epistulae” 82p.106B. ] Refs 4th c.AD+]-C.; compare ὅστις.
__B.V indefinite, anyhow, τὸ οὐδ᾽ ὅ. the expression 'not at all', [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 183b (variant{οὐδ᾽ οὕτως}). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B FINAL CONJUNCTION, that, in order that, the original notion of modality being merged in that of purpose or design, compare ἵνα, with which it is sometimes interchanged, [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 1.23 and 24, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 3.14, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 119f:—in early _Attic dialect_ Inscrr. only ὅπως ἄν is used, “IG” 12.39.19, +others; ὅπως without ἄν only once in 4th c.BC, [prev. work]22.226.42 (4th c.BC), after which it becomes gradually prevalent: ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.1.b after historical tenses (see. ἵνα [[ 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.1b), when there is no ] Refs 5th c.BC+]perfect form, or when the aorist represents the perfect, ξυνελέγημεν ἐνθάδε, ὅ. προμελετήσωμεν we were convened, i. e. we have met in assembly, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 117; παρήλθομεν.., ὅπως μὴ χεῖρον βουλεύσησθε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.73; also when the occurrence purposed is regarded from the point of view of the person purposing, ἦλθον πρεσβευσόμενοι, ὅπως μὴ σφίσι.. τὸ αὐτῶν [ναυτικὸν] ἐμπόδιον γένηται [prev. work] 31, compare 57, 65 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], etc.: sometimes the optative and subjunctive appear in consecutive clauses, φρυκτοὺς παρεσκευασμένους ἐς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅπως ἀσαφῆ τὰ σημεῖα.. ᾖ καὶ μὴ βοηθοῖεν [[ [prev. author] 3.22, compare 6.96, 7.17. ] Refs]
