πᾰρά [ρᾰ], Ep. and Lyr. alsoπαραί: shortd.πάρ, in Hom. , Lyr. (but rarely in Trag., in lyr. passages, A. Supp. 553 , S. Tr. 636 ), and in all dial ects exc. Att. , GDI 5434.8 (Paros), IG 5(2).3.14 (Tegea,iv B. C.), Inscr.Magn. 26.28 (Thess.), etc.:—Prep. c. gen., dat., and acc., prop.
A. beside: hence,
A. WITH GEN. prop. denoting motionfrom the side of, from beside, from:
b. Geom.,παραβάλλειν π.apply an areato(i. e.along) a finite straight line, Euc. 1.44 , Archim. Aequil. 2.1 ; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα
Pl. Men. 87a
;ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ' ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένωςthe linetowhich are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., Apollon. Perg. Con. 1.11 : hence,
c. Arith.,παραβάλλειν τι π. τιdivideby. . (v. παραβάλλω
(iii B. C.): sts. implying inferiority or defect,ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλουςa littlelower thanthe angels, LXX Ps. 8.6 ;μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιονlag one daybehindthe sun, Gem. 8.19 ; so perh.παρ' αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν(has passed the ball?)short ofhim, beyond him, Antiph. 234 ;μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ' ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαιone daycompared withanother is important . . , a day's delay makes a difference, Antipho 5.72 ;τί γὰρ παρ' ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖν; what joy has one daycompared withanother to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? S. Aj. 475 ;ὃς μὲν κρίνει(prefers)ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει(approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν
Ep.Rom. 14.5
.
8. with Verbs of estimating, to setatso and so much, henceπ. = equivalent to. . ,ταρβῶ μὴ . . θῆται παρ' οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάςsetatnought, E. IT 732 , cf. A. Ag. 229 (lyr.); παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν
b. in Accountancy, without a verb,π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., PHib. 1.100.4
(iii B. C.).
9. of correspondence,ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆραstaterforstater (one to each of two creditors), BCH 50.214 (Thasos,v B. C.); πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον
Ar. Ra. 643
;συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ' ἡμέρανstayed dayforday with each, D. 59.46 ; hence of alternation,ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, BGU 1198.12
(i B. C.);τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν(sc.ἡμέραν)[πυρετοῦ] quotidian ortertianfever, ib. 956.3
(iii A. D.): sts. without doubling of the Noun,παρ' ἡμέρην, opp.καθ' ἡμέρην,tertian, opp. quotidian, Hp. Aph. 1.12 ;καθ' ἡμέραν, παρ' ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖςevery day,every secondday, every third (fourth) day, Arr. Epict. 2.18.13 ;π. μίανevery second day, Plb. 3.110.4 ;παρ' ἐνιαυτόνevery second year, Plu. Cleom. 15 ;παρ' ἔτοςyear and year about, Arist. GA 757a7 ; every second year, Paus. 8.15.2 ;π. μέροςby turns (v.μέροςII. 2 ); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ' ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις
Corn. ND 28
;π. μῆνα τρίτονevery third month, Arist. HA 582b4 , cf. Plu. 2.942e ; butπ. τρία [ἔτεα] prob. every fourth year, IG 5(2).422 (Phigalea), cf. Arr. Epict. l.c.;ἕνα παρ' ἕνα παραλειπτέονevery second one, Nicom. Ar. 1.18 ;ἕνα π. δύο(τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, ibid.;παρὰ δ' ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκειnow one now another, E. Heracl. 611 .
10. precisely at the moment of,παρ' αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, D. 18.13 , 21.26 ; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον
IG 12.188.31
;π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, D. 20.41 , 46 ;π. τὰ δεινά in the midst ofdanger, Plu. Ant. 63 ; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν
b. distributively, whether of Time,π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in eachcomplete period of seventy years, Hdt. 1.32 ; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια . . τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων
2. strictly according to, without deviating from, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν
Thgn. 945
, cf. S. Fr. 474.5 ;ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, A. Ag. 1045 ;π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν . . ἐπιδείξωI will prove to youstrictly according tothe accounts which they themselves submit, D. 27.34 .
= παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου ,passed overso much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, Id. 3.49 , cf. 7.2 ; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the acc. came to be governed byπαρά, which thus came to mean 'bysuch and such a margin', 'withso muchto spare',ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, Id. 1.29 , 2.89 , cf. Pl. Ap. 36a ;παρὰ δ' ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, E. IT 870 (lyr.); παρ' ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο
Th. 7.71
;δεινότατον π. πολύ byfar, Ar. Pl. 445 ;παρ' ὅσον quatenus, Luc. Nec. 17 , etc.;π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε bytwo votes, Hyp. Eux. 28 , cf. D. 23.205 ; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως
Is. 3.37
;π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν byso much (= little) he missed falling in with . . , Th. 8.33 ;π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησανib. 29 ;οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησανthey made no littledifference, Isoc. 4.59 .
b. in phrases like π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον was sts. understood of the intervalfromdanger, etc., andπαράcame to mean 'byso muchshort of' ( τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ
(vi A. D.);πάντες παρ' ἕνα, πάντες παρ' ὀλίγους, allsaveone (a few), Plu. Cat.Mi. 20 , Ant. 5 ; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο
IG 5(1).801
(Laconia); of oneΜάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμαyou are a bear (ἄρκος)all buta letter, AP 11.231 ( Ammian. );ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαιso that heall but(lit.lesssomething) lost his sight, Vett.Val. 228.6 ;π. τι βυθίζεσθαι v.l. in
Ev.Luc. 5.7 ;τὸ π. τοῦτοthe figurelessthat, i.e. the remainder ordifference,
PTeb. 99.10
(ii B. C.), cf. POxy. 264.4
(i A. D.), PAmh. 2.148.5
(v A. D.); hence of anydifferencewhether of excess or defect,οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς . . Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς . . Σαυνίταςmaking nodifferencebetween . . , Str. 6.1.3 , cf. 14.5.11 , Plu. 2.24c .
6. hence of the marginbywhich anything increases or decreases, and so of the causeaccording towhich anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται
Polyclit. 2
(cf.μικρόςIII. 5 c);διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to. . , Arist. HA 486b5 ; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα
7. more generally of the marginbywhich an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive ( τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός
Arist. APr. 65b6
, cf. 48a24 , al.),κεινὰν π. δίαιταν just for the sake ofunsatisfying food, Pi. O. 2.65 ;ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψεινeach thinks that his own negligence will notsuffice to causeinjury, Th. 1.141 , cf. Isoc. 3.48 ;π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all throughhis own fault, Antipho 3.4.5 , cf. Isoc. 6.52 , D. 4.11 , 18.232 ;πολλὰ . . ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ' ἓν οὐδὲ δύ' εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ' ἀφῖκταιnotfromone or two causesonly, Id. 9.2 ;οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it doesnotfollow thatit is not . . , 1 Ep.Cor. 12.15 ;π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact ofprompt payment, IPE 12.32B35 (Olbia,iii B. C.); οὐδὲν ἂν παρ' ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων
;π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just becauseI am a Greek, UPZ 7.13
(ii B. C.); π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν
LXX Ge. 29.20
, cf. Ex. 14.11 ; later more loosely,because of. . , Phld. Rh. 1.158
S. , Gem. 6.24 , etc.;οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονεit is no fault of yours, PRyl. 243.6
(ii A. D.), cf. POxy. 1420.7
(ii A. D.).
8. of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς
D. 18.239
;πεῖσαι τό γε παρ' αὑτόνto persuade (the judges)so far as inyoulies, Arr. Epict. 2.2.20 ;οἴμωζε παρ' ἐμέ as far asIam concerned, for allIcare, Ar. Av. 846 .
D. POSITION:παράmay follow itsSubst.in all three cases, but then becomes by anastropheπάρα: when the ult. is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ'
Il. 18.400
; butἩφαίστοιο πάρ'ib. 191 .
E. παράabs., as ADV.,near, together, Il. 1.611 , al., E. IA 201 (lyr.).
F. πάρα(with anastrophe) stands forπάρεστιandπάρεισι, Il. 1.174 , Hes. Op. 454 , A. Pers. 167 , Hdt. 1.42 , al., S. El. 285 , Ar. Ach. 862 , etc.
G. IN COMPO S. ,
I. alongside of, beside, of rest,παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι ̔εἰμί̓, παρίστημι; of motion,παραπλέω, πάρειμι(εἶμι).
II. to the side of, to,παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.
III. to one side of, by, past,παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω.
