Skip to main content
παρά — STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones | Berean Institutes
STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones: παρά Text size 19px Width Narrow Wide Theme Light Sepia Dark Save settings Highlight selection Add note Annotate selection
Save reading position
πᾰρά [ρᾰ],
Epic dialect and Lyric poetry also παραί: shortened πάρ, in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+], Lyric poetry (but rarely in Trag., in Lyric poetry passages, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 553, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 636)] Refs 5th c.BC+], and in all dial ects except Attic dialect, [[ “GDI” 5434.8 (from Paros), “IG” 5(2).3.14 (Tegea, 4th c.BC), “Inscription Magn.” 26.28 (Thess.)] Refs 4th c.BC+], etc.:—preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative, properly beside: hence,
__A WITH GEN. properly denoting motion from the side of, from beside, from:
__A.I of Place, πὰρ νηῶν ἔλθωμεν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.744; παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθ᾽ 12.225, etc.; παρ᾽ Ὠκεανοῖο ῥοάων.. ἐπερχομένη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.197; πὰρ νηῶν ἀπώσεται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.533, etc.; δῶρα π. νηὸς ἐνεικέμεν 19.194; φάσγανον ὀξὺ ἐρυσσάμενος π. μηροῦ 1.190, compare 21.173; σπασσάμενος.. ἄορ παχέος π. μηροῦ 16.473 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πλευρὰ παρ᾽ ἀσπίδος ἐξεφαάνθη was exposed beside the shield,[[ 4.468, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 624. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__A.II commonly of Persons,
__A.II.1 with Verbs of going or coming, bringing, etc., ἦλθε.. πὰρ Διός [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.787; παρ᾽ Αἰήταο πλέουσα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.70, etc.; ἀγγελίη ἥκει π. βασιλέος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.140. ; αὐτομολήσαντες π. βασιλέως 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.13; ἐξεληλυθὼς παρ᾽ Ἀριστάρχου 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.117 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὁ π. τινὸς ἥκων his messenger, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.53; so οἱ π. τινός 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.10, NT.Mark.3.21, etc.; ὅστις ἀφικνεῖτο τῶν π. βασιλέως πρὸς αὐτόν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.1.5, etc.] NT+5th c.BC+]; τεύχεα καλὰ φέρουσα παρ᾽ Ἡφαίστοιο from his workshop, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.137, compare 617, etc.; ἀπαγγέλλειν τι π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.20; σὺ δὲ οἰμώζειν αὐτοῖς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ λέγε 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DMort.” 1.2. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __A.II.2 issuing from a person, γίγνεσθαι π. τινός to be born from, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 179b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; λόγος (i.e. ἐστί) π. Ἀθηναίων with accusative et infinitive, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.55: frequently following a Noun, δόξα ἡ π. τῶν ἀνθρώπων] Refs 5th c.BC+] glory from (given by) men, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ π. τινὸς εὔνοια the favour from, i. e. of, any one, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.2.12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἀδίκημα done by me, [[ [prev. author] “Cyr.” 5.5.13 ] Refs]; τὰ π. τινός all that issues from any one, as commands, commissions, [[ [prev. author] “An.” 2.3.4, etc.; or promises, gifts, presents, [prev. author] “Mem.” 3.11.13 ] Refs]; τὰ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ my opinions, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 219a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἑωυτοῦ διδούς giving from oneself, i. e. from one's own means, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.129, 8.5; παρ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ προσετίθει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 6.1.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; νόμον θὲς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ by my advice, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 322d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; αὐτοὶ παρ᾽ αὑτῶν of themselves, [[ [prev. author] “Tht.” 150d, compare “Phdr.” 235c. ] Refs]
__A.II.3 with Verbs of receiving, obtaining, and the like, τυχεῖν τινος π. τινός [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.290, 15.158; πὰρ δ᾽ ἄρα μιν Ταφίων πρίατο 14.452; ἀρέομαι πὰρ μὲν Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χάριν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.76; εὑρέσθαι τι π. τῶν θεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.14, compare “IG” 12.40.10] Refs 8th c.BC+]; δέχεσθαι, λαμβάνειν, ἁρπάζειν π. τινός, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 9.11, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 914 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀντιάσαι, αἰτήσασθαι π. τινός, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 870 (Lyric poetry), 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 3.1.4; ἀξιοῖ π. τοῦ ἰατροῦ φάρμακον πιὼν ἐξεμέσαι τὸ νόσημα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 406d; κόσμος τοῖς πράξασι γίγνεται π. τῶν ἀκουσάντων [prev. author] “Mx.” 236e: without Verb, ὁ καρπὸς ὁ π. τῶν δημάρχων “IG” 12.76.27: with Verbs of learning, etc., μεμαθηκέναι π. τινῶν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.104, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.4 with passive Verbs, πὰρ Διὸς.. μῆνις ἐτύχθη [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.122; π. θεῶν ἡ τοιαύτη μανία δίδοται 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 245c, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τῶν θεῶν σημαινόμενα, συμβουλευόμενα, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.2; τὰ π. τινὸς λεγόμενα [prev. work] 6.1.42 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τῆς τύχης δωρηθέντα the presents of.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.26; με π. σοῦ σοφίας πληρωθήσεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 175e. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.III rarely for παρά with dative, by, near, πὰρ ποδός [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 10.62, 3.60 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρὰ δὲ κυανέων πελαγέων uncertain reading in [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 966 (Lyric poetry); τὸν Ῥειτὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ ἄστεως “IG” 12.81.5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλοὶ παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπιπτον, ={ἀμφοτέρωθεν}, [[ 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 19.42. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__A.IV π. τῆς συγχωρήσεώς τινος without his consent, [[ “BCH” 46.337 (from Teos). ] Refs]
__B WITH DAT. denoting rest by the side of any person or thing, answering the question where?
__B.I of Places, κατ᾽ ἂρ ἕζετ᾽.. πὰρ πυρί, ἔκειτο π. σηκῷ, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.154, 9.319; νέμονται π. πέτρῃ 13.408; ἑσταότες παρ ὄχεσφιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.565 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο at their feet, [[ 14.411 ] Refs], etc.; π. θύρῃσι at the door,[[ 7.346; π. ῥηγμῖνι θαλάσσης 2.773; δεῖπνον.. εἵλοντο παρ᾽ ὄχθῃσιν ποταμοῖο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.97, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.475, 20.53, etc.; κεῖσθαι παρ᾽ Ἅιδῃ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 972 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ οἴνῳ over wine, [[[prev. work] 780, etc. ] Refs]
__B.II of persons, beside, πὰρ δὲ οἷ αὐτῷ εἷσε Θεοκλύμενον [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.285; κεῖτο παρὰ μνηστῇ ἀλόχῳ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.556, compare 6.246, etc.; παρ᾽ ἀνδράσιν εὐνάζεσθαι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.119; δαίνυσθαι π. τινί 8.243 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πὰρ δέ οἱ ἑστήκει stood by him, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.367. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II.2 at one's house or place, with one, μένειν π. τισί [[ 9.427; θητευέμεν ἄλλῳ, ἀνδρὶ παρ᾽ ἀκλήρῳ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.490; φιλέεσθαι π. τινί 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.627 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἑωυτοῖσι at their own house, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.105, compare 86; παιδευθῆναι π. τινί 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.15; καταλύειν π. τινί 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.82 (but παρά τινα καταλῦσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.136), etc.: hence οἱ παρ᾽ ἐμοί] Refs 5th c.BC+] those of my household, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.7.4, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ παρ᾽ ἐμοί life with me, [[ [prev. author] “An.” 1.7.4 ] Refs]; οἱ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ἄνθρωποι our people, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 64b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πολιτεία, ὁ παρ᾽ ὑμῖν δῆμος, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 15.19 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ παρ᾽ αὑτῷ βίοτος one's own life, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 612; τὸ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν πῦρ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 29f; ὅσος παρ᾽ ὑμῖν ὁ φθόνος φυλάσσεται 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 382; τὸ παρ᾽ ἡμῖν σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 29f ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also, in one's hands, τὰ π. τοῖς Ἑλληνοταμίαις ὄντα [[ “IG” 12.91.6; ἔχειν παρ᾽ ἑωυτῷ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.130, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὔπω παρ᾽ ἐμοὶ τότ᾽ ἦν λέγειν I had no right to speak then, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Ἐπιτρέποντες” 98. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.II.3 before, in the presence of, ἤειδε π. μνηστῆρσιν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.154 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; before a judge, δίκας γίγνεσθαι π. τῷ πολεμάρχῳ [[ “IG” 12.16.9; π. Δαρείῳ κριτῇ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.160; π. τῷ βασιλέϊ [prev. author] 4.65; παρὰ δικασταῖς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.73; εἰς κρίσιν καθιστάναι τινὰ π. τισί 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.13: hence παρ᾽ ἐμοί] Refs 5th c.BC+] in my judgement, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.32, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 589, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 881, NT.1Cor.3.19 ] NT+5th c.BC+]; π. τούτῳ μέγα δυνήσεται with him, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 510e. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.4 in quoting authors, παρ᾽ Ἐφόρῳ, παρ᾽ Αἰσχίνῃ, π. Θουκυδίδῃ, in Ephorus, etc., [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 9.2.4, 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Compositione Verborum” 9, 18. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__B.III [[ 4th c.AD(?): Arcadius Grammaticus, ={π}] Refs 4th c.AD+]. with genitive, from, καθὰ εἶχον τὰς ἰντολὰς π. τᾷ ἰδίᾳ πόλι [[ “SIG” 559.9 (Megalopolis, 3rd c.BC), compare 558.10 (Ithaca, 3rd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__C WITH ACCU[[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus in three main senses, ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.1 with Verbs of coming, going, etc., to the side of, to, ἴτην π. νῆας [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.347, compare 8.220, etc.; βῆ.. π. θῖνα 1.34, compare 327, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τρέψας πὰρ ποταμόν to the side of.., [[ 21.603, compare 3.187: more frequently of persons, εἶμι παρ᾽ Ἥφαιστον ] Refs]to the chamber of H.,[[ 18.143, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.285, etc.; ἐσιόντες π. τοὺς φίλους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.51, etc.; φοιτᾶν π. τὸν Σωκράτη 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 59d ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πέμπειν ἀγγέλους, πρέσβεις π. τινά, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.141, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.58, etc.; ἄγειν π. τινά 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.86; καταφυγὴ π. φίλων τινάς 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.17. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.2 with Verbs of rest, beside, near, by, sometimes with reference to past motion (expressed in such phrases as ἧσο παρ᾽ αὐτὸν ἰοῦσα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.406, compare 11.577), ἔς ῥα θρόνους ἕζοντο παρ᾽ Ἀτρεΐδην Μενέλαον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.51, compare 13.372 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κεῖται ποταμοῖο παρ᾽ ὄχθας lies stretched beside.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.487, compare 12.381 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἔμ᾽ ἵστασο come and stand by me, [[ 11.314, compare 592, 20.49 ] Refs], etc.; π. πυθμέν᾽ ἐλαίης θῆκαν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.122; καταθέτω π. τὰ ἴκρια “IG” 12.94.28 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κοιμήσαντο π. πρυμνήσια they lay down by.., [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.32, compare 3.460; ὁ παρ᾽ ἐμὲ καθήμενος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthydemus” 271b, compare “Phd.” 89b ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐκάθητο π. τὴν πύλην, π. τὴν ὁδόν, [[ LXX.Gen.19.1, NT.Mark.10.46; παρ᾽ αὐτὸν τὸν καλέσαντα κατακείμενος δειπνῆσαι 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Characteres” 21.2, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 175c; ἐκαθέζετο π. τὸν Λύσιν [prev. author] “Ly.” 211a, compare “R.” 328c; στὰς παρ᾽ αὐτόν [prev. author] “Phd.” 116c; τέμενος νεμόμεσθα.. παρ᾽ ὄχθας 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 12.313, compare 6.34, “IG” 12.943.45; τοῦ Εὐρίπου, παρ᾽ ὃν ᾤκει 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.90; κατελείφθη π. τὸν νηόν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.87; τὴν παρ᾽ ἐμὲ ἐοῦσαν δύναμιν [prev. author] 8.140.ά (variant{ἐμοί})] LXX+NT+8th c.BC+]; εἶπεν αὐτῷ μένειν παρ᾽ ἑαυτόν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.18, compare “An.” 1.9.31, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Fragmenta” 451, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 8.16, 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 248, Demetr.Comedy texts Nov. 1.5, “IG” 22.654.23 (3rd c.BC), 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.26.1, 11.14.3, 28.14.3; ἡ π. θάλασσαν Μακεδονία 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.99, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 184 (Lyric poetry), “Tr.” 636 (Lyric poetry); Καρβασυανδῆς π. Καῦνον “IG” 12.204.52; τὸ κουρεῖον τὸ π. τοὺς Ἑρμᾶς 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 23.3, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.62, 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 6.20, 8.35, 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.182, 3.88, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 112; τᾶς παστάδος τᾶς παρ᾽ Ἀπόλλωνα “IG” 42 (1).109 iii 146 (Epid.)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ὄμμα before one's eyes, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 484 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πόδας on the spot, [[ 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Ir.” p.78 W., “Rh.” 2.2 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; immediately thereafter, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.7.5, 1.8.2, +others ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__C.I.2.b Doric dialect, Boeotian dialect, and Thess., = above [[ 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 11.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], at the house of.., with a person, [[ “IG” 7.3171.7 (Orchom. _Boeotian dialect_), “GDI” 1717 (Delph.)] Refs]; παρ᾽ ἁμὲ πολυτίματος [ὁ σῖτος] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 759 (Megarian dialect); τοῖς κατοικέντεσσι πὰρ ἀμμέ “IG” 9(2).517.18 (Larissa, 3rd c.BC); τοῖ πὰρ ἀμμὲ πολιτεύματος [prev. work]13; πεπολιτευκὼρ πὰρ ἁμέ “Schwyzer” 425.5 (Elis, 3rd-2nd c.BC): so in _Attic dialect_, θέμενος π. γυναῖκας] Refs 5th c.BC+] depositing with.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 465c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.3 with Verbs of striking, wounding, etc., βάλε στῆθος π. μαζόν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.480, etc.; τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον.. κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξε 5.146; τύψε κατὰ κληῗδα παρ᾽ αὐχένα 21.117, compare 4.525, 8.325, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; αἰχμὴ δ᾽ ἐξελύθη παρὰ νείατον ἀνθερεῶνα [[ 5.293, compare 17.310; δησάμενος τελαμῶνι π. σφυρόν [prev. work] 290. ] Refs]
__C.I.4 with Verbs of placing, examining, etc., side by side with.., ὁ ἔλεγχος π. τὸν ἔλεγχον παραβαλλόμενος [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 475e, compare “Hp.Mi.” 369c, “Smp.” 214c, “R.” 348a; ἐξέτασον παρ᾽ ἄλληλα τὰ σοὶ κἀμοὶ βεβιωμένα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.265; ἄλλα παρ᾽ ἄλλατιθέμενα.. τῶν χρωμάτων 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 375a24. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.4.b Geometry texts, παραβάλλειν π. apply an area to (i. e. along) a finite straight line, [[ 3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 1.44, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “περὶ ἰσορροπιῶν” 2.1; π. τὴν δοθεῖσαν αὐτοῦ γραμμὴν παρατείναντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 87a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡ [εὐθεῖα] παρ᾽ ἣν δύνανται αἱ καταγόμεναι τεταγμένως the line to which are applied the squares of the or dinates, etc., [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Biographus Perg. “Con.” 1.11: hence, ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__C.I.4.c Arith., παραβάλλειν τι π. τι divide by.. (see. παραβάλλω [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus VII. 2); μερίζω τι π. τι 3rd c.AD: Diophantus Mathematicus 4.33 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐπὶ γ π. ί multiply by [[ 3 and divide by 10, “PLond.” 5.1718.2 (6th c.AD). ] Refs 6th c.AD+]
__C.I.5 Geometry texts, parallel to.., [[ 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 155, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 158b31, 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “Sph. Cyl.” 1.12, +others ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.I.6 metaphorically in Grammars, like, as a parody of.., π. τὸ Σοφόκλειον, π. τὰ ἐν Τεύκρῳ Σοφοκλέους, [[Scholia 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1240, “Nu.” 584. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.6.b Grammars, of words which differ as compared with other words, π. τὸ τοῦ ἔρωτος ὄνομα σμικρὸν παρηγμένον ἐστίν.. [τὸ ἥρως] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 398d, compare 399a, “Lg.” 654a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: hence, derived from.., π. τὸ ἔδαφος, δάπεδον, [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Pronominibus;” 31.16 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. τὸ δρῶ δρᾶμα [[Scholia 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.624; σύγκειται [τὸ αὐθέντης] π. τὸ εἷναι.. καὶ π. τὸ αὐτός 2nd c.AD: Phrynichus Atticista “Praeparatio Sophistica” p.24 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.7 generally, of Comparison, alongside of, compared with, usually implying superiority, δοκέοντες π. ταῦτα οὐδ᾽ ἂν τοὺς σοφωτάτους ἀνθρώπων Αἰγυπτίους οὐδὲν ἐπεξευρεῖν [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.160, compare 7.20, 103; ἡλίου ἐκλείψεις αἳ πυκνότεραι π. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ πρὶν χρόνου μνημονευόμενα ξυνέβησαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.23, compare 4.6; τῶν ἁπάντων ἀπερίοπτοί εἰσι π. τὸ νικᾶν [prev. author] 1.41; π. τὰ ἄλλα ζῷα ὥσπερ θεοὶ ἄνθρωποι βιοτεύουσι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.4.14; φαίνεται π. τὸ ἀλγεινὸν ἡδὺ καὶ π. τὸ ἡδὺ ἀλγεινὸν ἡ ἡσυχία 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 584a, compare “Phdr.” 236d, “La.” 183c, +others; εὐδαίμων μᾶλλον π. πάντας “BCH” 26.332 (from Halae)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; προετέρει π. πάντας [[ “PSI” 4.422.34 (3rd c.BC): sometimes implying inferiority or defect, ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ᾽ ἀγγέλους] Refs 3rd c.BC+] a little lower than the angels, [[ LXX.Psa.8.6 ] LXX]; μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ ὑστεροῦσι π. τὸν ἥλιον lag one day behind the sun, [[ 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 8.19 ] Refs 1st c.BC+]; so perhaps παρ᾽ αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ αὐτόν (has passed the ball?) short of him, beyond him, [[ 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 234 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; μέγα τοι ἡμέρα παρ᾽ ἡμέραν γιγνομένη γνώμην ἐξ ὀργῆς μεταστῆσαι one day compared with another is important.., a day's delay makes a difference, [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.72 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί γὰρ παρ᾽ ἦμαρ ἡμέρα τέρπειν ἔχει προσθεῖσα κἀναθεῖσα τοῦ γε κατθανεῖ; what joy has one day compared with another to offer, since it only brings us nearer to, or farther from, death (which is neither good nor evil)? [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 475 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὃς μὲν κρίνει (prefers) ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν, ὃς δὲ κρίνει (approves) πᾶσαν ἡμέραν [[ NT.Rom.14.5. ] NT]
__C.I.8 with Verbs of estimating, to set at so and so much, hence π. = equivalent to.., ταρβῶ μὴ.. θῆται παρ᾽ οὐδὲν τὰς ἐμὰς ἐπιστολάς set at nought, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 732, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 229 (Lyric poetry); παρ᾽ οὐδὲν ἄγειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 35 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μικρὸν ἡγεῖσθαι or ποιεῖσθαί τι hold of small account, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.79, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 61.51; παρ᾽ ὀλίγον ποιεῖσθαί τινα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.6.11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so with εἶναι, etc., παρ᾽ οὐδέν ἐστι are as nothing, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 983, compare “Ant.” 466; παρ᾽ οὐδὲν αὐταῖς ἦν ἂν ὀλλύναι πόσεις 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 569; οὐ π. μέγα ἔσεσθαι τὸ πταῖσμα 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Anabasis” 1.18.6 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so perhaps π. σμικρὰ κεχώρηκε have turned out of little account, have amounted to little, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.120. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.8.b in Accountancy, without a verb, π. τὴν καταλλαγήν on account of κ., [[ “PHib.” 1.100.4 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__C.I.9 of correspondence, ὀφείλειν στατῆρα π. στατῆρα stater for stater (one to each of two creditors), [[ “BCH” 50.214 (Thasos, 5th c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πληγὴν π. πληγὴν ἑκάτερον [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 643 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; συνεῖναι ἑκατέρῳ ἡμέραν παρ᾽ ἡμέραν stayed day for day with each, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 59.46 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; hence of alternation, ποιεῖσθαι ἁγνείας καὶ θυσίας δύο π. δύο, of four priests acting two and two alternately, [[ “BGU” 1198.12 (1st c.BC)] Refs 1st c.BC+]; τοῦ καθημερινοῦ ἢ μίαν π. μίαν (i.e. ἡμέραν) [πυρετοῦ] quotidian or tertian fever, [[[prev. work] 956.3 (3rd c.AD): sometimes without doubling of the Noun, παρ᾽ ἡμέρην, opposed to καθ᾽ ἡμέρην, ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]tertian, opposed to quotidian, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἀφορισμοί” 1.12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἡμέραν, παρ᾽ ἡμέραν, π. δύο, π. τρεῖς every day, every second day, every third (fourth) day, [[ 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.18.13 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. μίαν every second day, [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.110.4 ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἐνιαυτόν every second year, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cleomenes” 15 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; παρ᾽ ἔτος year and year about, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Generatione Animalium” 757a7 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; every second year, [[ 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 8.15.2 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. μέρος by turns (see. μέρος[[ II. 2); ὁ ἀνὰ μέρος παρ᾽ ἓξ μῆνας ὑπὲρ γῆν τε καὶ ὑπὸ γῆν γινόμενος Ἄδωνις 1st c.AD: Cornutus Philosophus “de Natura Deorum” 28 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; π. μῆνα τρίτον every third month, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 582b4, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.942e] Refs 4th c.BC+]; but π. τρία [ἔτεα] probably every fourth year, [[ “IG” 5(2).422 (from Phigalea), compare 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epict.” ] Refs 2nd c.AD+][same place]; ἕνα παρ᾽ ἕνα παραλειπτέον every second one, [[ 2nd c.AD: Nicomachus Gerasenus Mathematicus “Arithmetica Introductio” 1.18 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ἕνα π. δύο (τρεῖς) every third (fourth) one, [[[prev. passage]] Refs]; παρὰ δ᾽ ἄλλαν ἄλλα μοῖρα διώκει now one now another, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 611. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.10 precisely at the moment of, παρ᾽ αὐτὰ τἀδικήματα flagrante delicto, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.13, 21.26; ἀποδώσω π. τὸν εὔθυνον τὸ καθῆκον “IG” 12.188.31 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τοιοῦτον καιρόν, π. τὰς χρείας, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 20.41,46] Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τὰ δεινά in the midst of danger, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Antonius” 63; π. τὴν πρώτην γένεσιν 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 1.10b ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; π. τὴν πρώτην (i.e. ἐπίθεσιν) at the first attack, [[ 3rd c.AD: Heliodorus Scriptor Eroticus 9.2; π. γε τὴν πρώτην ὁρμήν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 14.10. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__C.I.10.b distributively, whether of Time, π. τὰ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτεα in each complete period of seventy years, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.32; ἐν ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις π. στάδια διακόσια.. τοῖς ἑκατὸν σταδίοις διήνεγκαν ἀλλήλων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Oeconomicus” 20.18 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πὰρ Ϝέτος each year, every year, [[ “Tab.Heracl.” 1.101; π. τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἕκαστον “IG” 12(7).5.14 (from Amorgos)] Refs]; παρ᾽ ἆμάρ τε καὶ νύκτα day and night, [[ 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus “fragment” 7] Refs 5th c.BC+]; or more generally, πὰρ τὰν ἐλαίαν in respect of each olive plant, [[ “Tab.Heracl.” 1.122] Refs]; παρ᾽ ἡμέραν αἱ ἀμίαι πολὺ ἐπιδήλως αὐξάνονται from day to day, per day, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 571a21; τὸ παρ᾽ ἑκάστην βάσιν γινόμενον μικρὸν πολὺ γίνεται π. πολλάς [prev. author] “Pr.” 881b26; ἡ παρ᾽ ἡμέραν χάρις 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.70; τὸ παρ᾽ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν ἡδύ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 705a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.10.c παρ᾽ ἆμαρ on (this) day, to-day, τὸ μὲν πὰρ ἆμαρ, τὸ δέ.. to-day and to-morrow, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 11.63 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but παρ᾽ ἦμαρ to-morrow, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 1455 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.10.d throughout a period of time, π. τὴν ζόην [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.46; π. τὸν βίον ἅπαντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 733a; π. πάντα τὸν χρόνον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.10 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also more loosely, during, π. τὴν πόσιν while they were drinking, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.121. ; π. τὸν πότον 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 2.156; π. τὴν κύλικα 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Antonius” 24 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. δεῖπνον or π. τὸ δεῖπνον, [[ [prev. author] 2.737a,674f. ] Refs]
__C.II along, ὄνος παρ᾽ ἄρουραν ἰών [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.558; βῆ δὲ θέειν π. τεῖχος 12.352; π. ῥόον Ὠκεανοῖο ᾔομεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.21; ἔπλεον π. τὴν ἤπειρον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.193; π. πᾶσαν τὴν ὁδόν 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.148 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὀρθὴν παρ᾽ οἶμον.. τύμβον κατόψει straight along the road, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 835; παρ᾽ ὅλην τὴν φάραγγα 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 10.30.3; παρ᾽ αὐτὴν τὴν χαράδραν παραπορευομένων [prev. work] 9; for παραβάλλειν π., see above with 1.4b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II.2 strictly according to, without deviating from, εἶμι π. στάθμην ὀρθὴν ὁδόν [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 945, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 474.5 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; ὠμοί τε δούλοις πάντα καὶ π. στάθμην, i.e. too strict, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1045 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τὸν λόγον ὃν ἀποφέρουσιν.. ἐπιδείξω I will prove to you strictly according to the accounts which they themselves submit, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 27.34. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.III past, beyond, παρὰ σκοπιὴν καὶ ἐρινεὸν ἠνεμόεντα.. ἐσσεύοντο [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.145, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.172, 24.12; βῆ δὲ π. Κρουνούς “hymnus ad Apollinem” 425 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τὴν Βαβυλῶνα παριέναι pass by Babylon, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.29 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ αὐτὴν τὴν χύτραν ἄκραν ὁρῶντες looking over the edge of.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 390. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.III.2 metaphorically, over and above, in addition to, οὐκ ἔστι π. ταῦτ᾽ ἄλλα [[ [prev. author] “Nu.” 698; π. ταῦτα πάντα ἕτερόν τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 74a, compare “R.” 337d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.139, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.5.5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἑκὼν ἐπόνει π. τοὺς ἄλλους more than the others, [[ [prev. author] “Ages.” 5.3, compare “Mem.” 4.4.1, “Oec.” 20.16; ἃ τῷ ῥαψῳδῷ προσήκει καὶ σκοπεῖσθαι καὶ διακρίνειν π. τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Ion” 539e. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.III.3 metaphorically, in excess over, πὰρ δύναμιν beyond one's strength, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.787, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.70, 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Lycophrone” 16, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1423b29; π. τὴν δ. [prev. author] “Po.” 1451b38. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.III.4 metaphorically, in transgression or violation of, π. μοῖραν [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.509; π. μοῖραν Δίος 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.10 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ αἶσαν, παρὰ δίκαν, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 8.13, “O.” 2.16, etc.; π. τὸ δίκαιον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.90, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὰς σπονδάς, τὸν νόμον, [[ [prev. author] 1.67, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.7.14; π. φύσιν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 747b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὴν στήλην probably in [[ “IG” 12.45.20] Refs]; π. καιρόν out of season, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.24, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γνώμαν[[ [prev. work] 12.10, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 454 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. δόξαν, π. τὸ δοκοῦν ἡμῖν, π. λόγον, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.93, 1.84, 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.38.5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἐλπίδα or ἐλπίδας, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 899, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 392, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πὰρ μέλος out of tune, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.69; π. τὴν ἀξίαν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.77, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸ εἰωθός, τὸ καθεστηκός, [[ [prev. author] 4.17, 1.98. ] Refs]
__C.III.5 π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, ={παρῆλθε τοσοῦτον κινδύνου}, passed over so much ground within the sphere of danger, i.e. incurred such imminent peril, [[ [prev. author] 3.49, compare 7.2 ] Refs]; in such phrases the tmesis was forgotten, and the accusative came to be governed by παρά, which thus came to mean 'by such and such a margin', 'with so much to spare', ἐνίκησαν π. πολύ, ἡσσηθέντες π. πολύ, [[ [prev. author] 1.29, 2.89, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 36a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρὰ δ᾽ ὀλίγον ἀπέφυγες only just, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 870 (Lyric poetry); παρ᾽ ὀλίγον ἢ διέφευγον ἢ ἀπώλλυντο 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.71 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δεινότατον π. πολύ by far, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 445 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ὅσον quatenus, [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Nec.” 17, etc.] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. δύο ψήφους ἀπέφυγε by two votes, [[ 4th c.BC: Hyperides Orator “pro Euxenippo” 28, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.205; π. τέτταρας ψήφους μετέσχε τῆς πόλεως 4th c.BC: Isaeus Orator 3.37 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τοσοῦτον ἐγένετο αὐτῷ μὴ περιπεσεῖν by so much (= little) he missed falling in with.., [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.33; π. πέντε ναῦς πλέον ἀνδρὶ ἑκάστῳ ἢ τρεῖς ὀβολοὶ ὡμολογήθησαν [prev. work] 29 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐ π. μικρὸν ἐποίησαν they made no little difference, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.59. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.III.5.b in phrases like{π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε κινδύνου, τοσοῦτον} was sometimes understood of the interval from danger, etc., and παρά came to mean 'by so much short of' (τὸ π. μικρὸν ὥσπερ οὐδὲν ἀπέχειν δοκεῖ [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Physica” 197a29)] Refs 4th c.BC+], within such and such a distance of, so near to, τὴν Ἠϊόνα π. νύκτα ἐγένετο (i.e. αὐτῷ) λαβεῖν he was within one night of taking [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.106 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μικρὸν ἦλθον ἀποθανεῖν I came within a little of.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 19.22, compare 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.43.7, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Caesar” 39 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ ἐλάχιστον ἦλθε.. ἀφελέσθαι was within an ace of taking away, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.76 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; παρ᾽ οὐδὲν μὲν ἦλθον ἀποκτεῖναι (were within a mere nothing, within an ace of killing him), ἐξεκήρυξαν δ᾽ ἐκ πόλεως [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 3.258, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pyrrhus” 14, “Alex.” 62 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τοσοῦτον ἦλθε διαφυγεῖν so near he came to escaping, [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cat.” 4; παρὰ ἓν πάλαισμα ἔδραμε νικᾶν Ὀλυμπιάδα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.33; παρ᾽ οὐδὲν ἐλθόντες τοῦ ἀποβαλεῖν 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.45.14, compare 2.55.4, 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 17.42: hence without ἐγένετο or ἐλθεῖν, π. μίαν μονάδα (less)] Refs 5th c.BC+] by one, i.e. less one, [[ 2nd c.AD: Nicomachus Gerasenus Mathematicus “Arithmetica Introductio” 1.8 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τεσσαράκοντα π. μίαν, =[[ 39, NT.2Cor.11.24 ] NT]; παρ᾽ ἕνα τοσοῦτοι the same number less one, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Publicola” 9 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; σύ μοι παρ᾽ ἕνα ἥκεις ἄγων you have brought me one too few, [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Cat.” 4; δύναται π. δύο συλλαβὰς εἶναι τὸ καταληκτόν 7th c.AD: Hephaestio Grammaticus 4.2 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; τὰ ὁλοκόττινα ηὑρέθησαν π. ἑπτὰ κεράτια seven carats short, [[ PMasp. 70.2 (6th c.AD)] Refs 6th c.AD+]; πάντες παρ᾽ ἕνα, πάντες παρ᾽ ὀλίγους, all save one (a few), [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Cat.Mi.” 20, “Ant.” 5; ἔτη δύο π. ἡμέρας δύο “IG” 5(1).801 (from Laconia) ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; of one Μάρκος, θηρίον εἶ π. γράμμα you are a bear (ἄρκος) all but a letter, [[“Anthologia Graeca” 11.231 (2nd c.AD: Ammianus Epigrammaticus)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; ὡς π. τι καὶ τὰς ὄψεις ἀφανίσαι so that he all but (literal less something) lost his sight, [[ 2nd c.AD: Vettius Valens Astrologus 228.6 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; π. τι βυθίζεσθαι variant in [[ NT.Luke.5.7 ] NT]; τὸ π. τοῦτο the figure less that, i.e. the remainder or difference, [[ PTeb. 99.10 (2nd c.BC),compare “POxy.” 264.4 (1st c.AD), “PAmh.” 2.148.5 (5th c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; hence of any difference whether of excess or defect, οὐδὲν π. τοῦτο ποιούμενοι τοὺς.. Λευκανούς τε καὶ τοὺς.. Σαυνίτας making no difference between.., [[ 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 6.1.3, compare 14.5.11, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.24c. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__C.III.6 hence of the margin by which anything increases or decreases, and so of the cause according to which anything comes into existence or varies, τὸ εὖ π. μικρὸν διὰ πολλῶν ἀριθμῶν γίνεται [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Polyclitus Philosophus 2 (compare μικρός III. 5 c)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; διαφέρει π. τὰς τῶν παθημάτων ἐναντιώσεις according to.., [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Historia Animalium” 486b5; μεταπίπτει π. τὰ κλίματα 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 5.29, compare 11.5, +others] Refs 4th c.BC+]; π. τὰ πράγματα conjecture in [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Apollodorus Carystius Comicus 11. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.III.7 more generally of the margin by which an event occurs, i.e. of the necessary and sufficient cause or motive (τὸ μὴ π. τοῦτο γίνεσθαι τότε λέγομεν, ὅταν ἀναιρεθέντος τούτου μηδὲν ἧττον περαίνηται ὁ συλλογισμός [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Priora” 65b6, compare 48a24, +others), κεινὰν π. δίαιταν] Refs 4th c.BC+] just for the sake of unsatisfying food, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.65 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἕκαστος οὐ π. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀμέλειαν οἴεται βλάψειν each thinks that his own negligence will not suffice to cause injury, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.141, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.48 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὴν αὑτοῦ ἁμαρτίαν all through his own fault, [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 3.4.5, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 6.52, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.11, 18.232 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πολλὰ.. ἐστιν αἴτια τούτων, καὶ οὐ παρ᾽ ἓν οὐδὲ δύ᾽ εἰς τοῦτο τὰ πράγματ᾽ ἀφῖκται not from one or two causes only, [[ [prev. author] 9.2 ] Refs]; οὐ π. τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστι it does not follow that it is not.., [[ NT.1Cor.12.15 ] NT]; π. τὸ τὴν ἀρίθμησιν ποιήσασθαι ἐξ ἑτοίμου τοὺς ἐργώνας οὐκ ὀλίγα χρήματα περιεποίησε τῇ πόλει by the simple fact of prompt payment, [[ “IPE” 12.32 B 35 (Olbia, 3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; οὐδὲν ἂν παρ᾽ ἕνα ἄνθρωπον ἐγένετο τούτων [[ 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 63, compare 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.103.2, 18.28.6, +others] Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐδεὶς παρ᾽ ἑαυτόν ἐστι βασιλεύς thanks to himself alone,[[ Aristeas 224; παρ᾽ αὑτὸν ἀτυχεῖ 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 3.24.2, compare 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 2.16 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus; παρ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἡ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἀπόστασις 5th c.AD: Hierocles Platonicus Philosophus “in Carmen Aureum - FPG” 25p.477M. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἶναι π. τοῦτο σωτηρίαν τε πόλει καὶ τοὐναντίον, i.e. on this depends.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 715d, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitum magistro” 1.5, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Dio Cassius Historicus “fragment” 36.5; π. μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἓν πρᾶγμα καὶ ἀπόλλυται προκοπὴ καὶ σῴζεται 1st-2nd c.AD: Epictetus Philosophus “Enchiridion” 51.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸ Ἕλληνά με εἶναι just because I am a Greek, [[ “UPZ” 7.13 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; π. τὸ ἀγαπᾶν αὐτὸν αὐτήν [[ LXX.Gen.29.20, cf. LXX.Exo.14.11 ] LXX]; later more loosely, because of.., [[ 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.158 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, 1st c.BC: Geminus Astronomicus 6.24, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐδὲν π. σὲ γέγονε it is no fault of yours, [[ “PRyl.” 243.6 (2nd c.AD),compare “POxy.” 1420.7 (2nd c.AD). ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__C.III.8 of a limit of possibility, εἴπερ ἐνεδέχετο π. τοὺς παρόντας καιρούς [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.239 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; πεῖσαι τό γε παρ᾽ αὑτόν to persuade (the judges) so far as in you lies, [[ 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 2.2.20 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; οἴμωζε παρ᾽ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, for all I care, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 846. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D POSITION: παρά may follow its substantive in all three cases, but then becomes by anastrophe πάρα: when the ultima is elided, the practice varies, τῇσι παρ᾽ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.400; but Ἡφαίστοιο πάρ᾽ [prev. work] 191. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__E παρά absolutely, as adverb., near, together, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.611, +others, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 201 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__F πάρα (with anastrophe) stands for πάρεστι and πάρεισι, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.174, 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 454, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 167, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.42, +others, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 285, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 862, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__G IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
__G.I alongside of, beside, of rest, παράκειμαι, παράλληλοι, παρέζομαι, πάρειμι (εἰμί), παρίστημ; of motion, παραπλέω, πάρειμι (εἶμι).
__G.II to the side of, to, παραδίδωμι, παρέχω.
__G.III to one side of, by, past, παρέρχομαι, παροίχομαι, παραπέμπω, παρακμάζω, παρατρέχω.
__G.IV.1 aside or beyond, i.e. amiss, wrong, παραβαίνω, παράγω, παροράω, παρορκέω, παρακούω, παραγιγνώσκω.
__G.IV.2 of comparison, as in παραβάλλω, παρατίθημι.
__G.IV.3 of alteration or change, as in παραλλάσσω, παραπείθω, παραπλάσσω, παρατεκταίνω, παραυδάω, παράφημι.
__G.IV.4 of a side-issue, παραπόλλυμι. (Cogn. with Gothic faúr 'along', Latin por-.)
STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones — CC-BY-4.0
STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
View source 