Il. 1.123 , etc.; sts. to express displeasure, 4.26 , S. OT 391 , Ph. 1031 , Tr. 192 ; to express astonishment or doubt,π. εἶπας; A. Pers. 798 , S. El. 407 , etc.;π. λέγεις; Id. Ph. 1407 ;π. φῄς; A. Ag. 268 , E. El. 575 ;π. τοῦτ' ἔλεξας; A. Pers. 793 ;π. τοῦτ' εἶπες αὖ; Pl. Plt. 309c ; alsoπ. μὴ φῶμεν . .; surely we must, Id. Tht. 161e .
b. in dialogue, to ask explanation, with a repetition of a word used by the previous speaker,δίκαια— Answ.π. δίκαια; S. OC 832 ;μὴ δίκαιος ὤν—Answ.π. μὴ δίκαιος; Id. Tr. 412 ;συμβολάς—Answ.π. συμβολάς; Alex. 143 ;πῶςalone,how so,π., ὅς γε . .; S. Ph. 1386 .
2. with a second interrog. in the same clause,π. ἐκ τίνος νεώς ποτε . . ἥκετε;howand by what ship . .? E. Hel. 1543 ;τί τἀμὰ—π. ἔχει—θεσπίσματα; ib. 873 ;π. τί τοῦτο λέγεις;howsay you and what? Pl. Ti. 22b , cf. Tht. 146d , 208e , etc.
3. c. gen. modi,π. ἀγῶνος ἥκομεν;howare we come off in it? E. El. 751 ; π. ἔχει πλήθους ἐπισκοπεῖ
Pl. Grg. 451c
.
4. with Verbs of selling,how? at what price? π. ὁ σῖτος ὤνιος; Ar. Ach. 758 , cf. Eq. 480 ;τὰ δ' ἄλφιθ' ὑμῖν π. ἐπώλουν;—Answ. τεττάρων δραχμῶν . . τὸν κόφινον
II. with other Particles,π. ἂν . .; π. κἑν̓ . .;how possibly . .? π. ἂν ἔπειτ' ἀπὸ σεῖο . . λιποίμην οἶος; Il. 9.437 , cf. Od. 1.65 , etc.;π. ἂν γένοιτ' ἂν . . ποδῶν ἔκμακτρον; E. El. 534 : so withindic., Il. 22.202 , E. Alc. 96 (lyr.), etc.
b. in Trag.,π. ἄνc. opt. is freq. used to express a wish,O howmight it be? i.e.would thatit might . .!π. ἂν θάνοιμι; π. ἂν ὀλοίμην; etc., S. Aj. 388 (lyr.), E. Supp. 796 (lyr.), cf. Hipp. 208 (anap.), 345 ; rare in Com., Ar. Th. 22 (a trace of this usage appears in Hom. , Od. 15.195 ): in later Prose,π. ἂν γένοιτο ἑσπέρα; LXX De. 28.67 ; also withaor. subj.(withoutἄν), π. κοιμηθῶ; M.Ant. 9.40 ;π. μή μοι μέγας λέων ἐπιφανῇ; Arr. Epict. 4.10.10 ; withpres.,π. μὴ χρῄζω; M.Ant.l.c.
4. π. δὲ . .; to introduce a strong objection,π. δὲ σὺ νῦν μέμονας, κύον ἀδδεές . .; Il. 21.481 , cf. Od. 18.31 ;δόξει δὲ π.; A. Pr. 261 .
5. π. δή;how in the world? π. δὴ φῂς πολέμοιο μεθιέμεν; Il. 4.351 , cf. 18.364 , A. Ag. 543 , etc.; alsoπ. γὰρ δή . .; Od. 16.70 ;π. δῆτα . .; A. Ag. 622 , 1211 , Ar. Nu. 79 , etc.
6. π. καὶ . .;just how . .?
E. Hec. 515 , Ph. 1354 , etc.;π. δὲ καὶ . .; A. Pers. 721 , v. καί
B. 6 ; butκαὶ π . . .; to introduce an objection, E. Ph. 1348 , v. καί
A. 11.2 : henceκαὶ π.; alone,but how? impossible!
Pl. Alc. 1.134c , Tht. 163d , etc.
7. π. οὐ . .;how not so . .?i.e.surely it is so . .,π. οὐ δεινὰ εἴργασθε; Th. 3.66 , cf. Ar. Nu. 398 , D. 18.273 .
8. π. οὖν . .; like π. ἄρα . . ; A. Supp. 297 , 340 , S. OT 568 , etc.;π. ἂν οὖν . .with opt., A. Pers. 243 , E. IT 98 .
9. π. ποτε . .;how ever . .?
S. OT 1210 (lyr.), Ph. 687 (lyr.).
III. πῶςfolld. by several of the abovenamed Particles is freq. used in elliptical sentences, as,
1. π. γάρ; inserted parenthet. in a negative sentence,for how is it possible? how canorcould it be?hence in emphatic denial,κἀγὼ μὲν οὐκ ἔδρασα, τοῦτ' ἐπίσταμαι, οὐδ' αὖ σύ: π. γάρ; Id. El. 911 ;οὐκ ἀπορῶν(π. γάρ;) , ὅς γε . .
