ἆρᾰ,
interrogative Particle, implying anxiety or impatience, = Epic dialect and Lyric poetry ἦ ῥα:
__1 alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 35.44] Refs 4th c.BC+] a negative answer is implied in the question ἆρ᾽ ἂν οἴεσθε..; but an affirmative in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.6.4] Refs 5th c.BC+] ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆ; compare ἆρ᾽ εὐτυχεῖς.. ἢ δυστυχεῖ; [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 424.—To make it plainly _negative_, we have ἆ. μή..; 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 208, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 64c] Refs 5th c.BC+]; and to make it plainly affirmative, ἆρ᾽ ο; ἆρ᾽ οὐχ; [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 791, “OT” 540] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἆρ᾽ οὐχ οὕτω; [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 11d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__2 ἆ. οὖ; is used to draw an affirmative inference, [[ [prev. author] “Grg.” 477a, “La.” 190b] Refs]; also when a negative answer is expected, [[ [prev. author] “Chrm.” 159b] Refs]; with a negative, ἆρ᾽ οὖν οὐ..; [[ [prev. author] “Phdr.” 263a, etc. ] Refs]
__3 in ἆρά γε, each Particle retains its force, γε serving to make the question more definite, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 546, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.5.4, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4 less frequently with τίς interrogative, τίνος ποτ᾽ ἆρ᾽ ἔπραξε χειρί[[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 905] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τίδ᾽ ἆρ᾽ ἐγὼ σ; [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 1228; τίς ἆρ᾽ ὁ φεύγω; 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 893] Refs 5th c.BC+]; with ἤν, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 118. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]