(γε, ἄρα), causal conjunction, used alone or with other Particles.
__I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for, τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.56, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; but frequently in explanation of that which is implied in the preceding clause, πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον [[ 2.118, etc.: hence, ] Refs]
__I.3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied,
__I.3.a frequently in Trag. dialogue and [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus ] Refs 5th c.BC+], when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ᾽ ἐτόλμας τούσδ᾽ ὑπερβαίνειν νόμου;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 450, compare “OT” 102, etc.; καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 194a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινό; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ..; [why,] could there be.. ? [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.10; with negatives, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε] Refs 5th c.BC+] [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., see below[[ 11.1. ] Refs]
__I.3.b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 1370 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: after an Exclamation, ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 168 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 857. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.3.c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (i.e. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 7.6.33 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1280b8. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__I.4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκε; why who hath sent thee? [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.182; πῶς γ. νῦν.. εὕδουσ; 10.424 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμο; what, wilt thou.. ? [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 909: generally, after _interrogative_ Particles, ἦ γ.] Refs 4th c.BC+]..; what, was it.. ? [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 1000, 1039, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, [[ [prev. author] “OC” 539, 542, 547, etc.] Refs]; τί γ. δή ποτ; [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.44 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. ο;, see at {πῶς}.
__I.5 to strengthen a wish, with optative, κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Cyclops” 261 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; compare αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς.
__II joined with other Particles:
__II.1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ᾽ ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ.. but [far otherwise], for.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.739 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ᾽ αἵδ᾽ ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 861 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γ. σ᾽ ἐθέλω.. but [look out] for.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.242; in full, ἀλλ᾽ οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτέρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.355; ἀλλ᾽, οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.109. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__II.2 γ. ἄρα for indeed, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 315d, “Smp.” 205b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.301, 23.607, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.34, 114, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 187e, compare 164d; οὐ γ. δή 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 46, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
