or ἐς, PREP. WITH ACC. ONLY:—both forms are found in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+], Ionic dialect poets, and early metrical Inscrr.; ἐς is best attested in [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus and 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+], and is found in nearly all early Ionic dialect Inscrr. (except [[ “IG” 12(8).262.16 (Thasos, 5th c.BC), [prev. work]7.235.1 (Oropus, 4th c.BC)); εἰς in _Attic dialect_ Inscrr. from 4th c.BC, “IG” 2.115, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; and usually in Attic dialect Prose (except [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus) and Comedy texts (except in parody): Trag. apparently prefer εἰς, but ἐς] Refs 5th c.BC+] is used before vowels for the sake of meter; ἐς was retained in the phrases ἐς κόρακας (whence the Verb σκορακίζω), ἐς μακαρίαν. Aeolic dialect poets have εἰς before vowels, ἐς before consonants, and this is given as the rule in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus by “Anecdota Graeca - MSS. Bibl. Oxon.” 1.172, compare 2nd c.AD(?): Helladius Epigrammaticus cited in 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc. “Bibliotheca - Patrologia Graeca” p.533B. (Orig. ἐνς, as in “IG” 4.554.7 (from Argos), “GDI” 4986.11 (from Crete)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; compare ἐν, ἰν. The diphthong is genuine in Aeolic dialect εἰς, but spurious in Attic dialect-Ionic dialect) Radical sense into, and then more loosely, to:
__I OF PLACE, the oldest and commonest usage, εἰς ἅλα into or to the sea, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.141, +others; εἰς ἅλαδε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.351; ἔς ῥ᾽ ἀσαμίνθους 4.48; ἐς οἶνον βάλε φάρμακον [prev. work] 220 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; frequently of places, to, εἰς Εὔβοιαν [[ 3.174 ] Refs]; ἐς Αἴγυπτον, etc., [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.5, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς Μίλητον into the territory of Miletus,[[ [prev. work] 14; εἰς Ἑλλήσποντον εἰσέπλει 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.1.2; ἀφίκετο εἰς Μήδους πρὸς Κυαξάρην [prev. author] “Cyr.” 2.1.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἅρματα βαίνειν to step into.., [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.115; εἰς ἐλάτην ἀναβῆναι 14.287 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; opposed to ἐκ, in such phrases as ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης, ἐς πόδας ἐκ κεφαλῆς, from heel to ankle-joint, from head to foot, [[ 22.397, 23.169; ἐκ πάτου ἐς σκοπιήν 20.137; ἐς μυχὸν ἐξ οὐδοῦ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.87 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κἠς ἔτος ἐξ ἔτεος from year to year, [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 18.15 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: with Verbs implying motion or direction, as of looking, ἰδεῖν εἰς οὐρανόν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.364 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἰς ὦπα ἰδέσθαι to look in the face, [[ 9.373 ] Refs], etc.; εἰς ὦπα ἔοικεν he is like in face (i.e. ἰδόντι), [[ 3.158 ] Refs], etc.; ἐς ὀφθαλμούς τινος ἐλθεῖν to come before another's eyes,[[ 24.204; ἐς ὄψιν ἀπικνέεσθαί τινος 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.136; καλέσαι τινὰ ἐς ὄψιν [prev. author] 5.106, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐς ταὐτὸν ἥκειν come to the same point, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hippolytus” 273 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: less frequently after a substantive, ὁδὸς ἐς λαύρην [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.128 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὸ ἐς Παλλήνην τεῖχος facing Pallene, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.56; ξύνοδος ἐς τὴν Δῆλον [prev. author] 3.104, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 173d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.b Epic dialect and Ionic dialect, also with accusative person (Attic dialect ὡς, πρός, παρά), [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.312, 15.402, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.127, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.147 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also in Attic dialect with collective Nouns, ἐς τὸν δῆμον παρελθόντες [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.45, or plurals, εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσῆλθον 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.103 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of consulting an oracle, ἐς θεὸν ἐλθεῖν [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.31; εἰς Ἄμμων᾽ ἐλθόντες 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 619. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.2 with Verbs expressing restin a place, when a previous motion into or to it is implied, ἐς μέγαρον κατέθηκεν ἐπὶ θρόνου he put it in the house (i.e. he brought it into the house, and put it there), [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 20.96 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐς θρόνους ἕζοντο they sat them down upon the seats, [[ 4.51, compare 1.130 ] Refs]; ἐφάνη λὶς εἰς ὁδόν the lion appeared in the path, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.276; ἀπόστολος ἐς τὴν Μίλητον ἦν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.21 (assuming variant); αὐτὸς ἐς Αακεδαίμονα ἀπόστολος ἐγίνετο [prev. author] 5.38; ἐς κώμην παραγίνονται [prev. author] 1.185; παρῆν ἐς Σάρδις [prev. author] 6.1; ἐς δόμους μένειν 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 80 (codex Laur.); ἐς τὴν νῆσον κατέκλῃσε 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.109, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.13 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀπόβασιν ποιήσασθαι ἐς.. [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.33, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; later used like{ἐν}, τὴν γῆν εἰς ἣν ὑμεῖς κατοικεῖτε [[ LXX.Num.35.34; τὸ χρυσίον ὃ εἰλήφεσαν εἰς Ῥώμην 1st c.BC: Diodorus Siculus Historicus 14.117; οἰκεῖν εἰς τὰ Ὕπατα 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Asin.” 1; εἰς Ἐκβάτανα ἀποθανεῖν 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 7.8; εἰς ἅπασαν τὴν γῆν 10th c.AD: Suidas Legal icographus see {Καλλίμαχος}] LXX+1st c.BC+]: generally, τοὔνομα εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, φασίν, Ἱππομιγὴς δύναται [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “Varia Historia” 9.16. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__I.3 with Verbs of saying or speaking, εἰς relates to the persons to or before whom one speaks, εἰπεῖν ἐς πάντας, ἐς πάντας αὔδα, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.26, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 93; λέγειν εἰς τὸ μέσον τῶν ταξιάρχων 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.7; αἱ ἐς τὸ φανερὸν λεγόμεναι αἰτίαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.23 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with other Verbs, εἰς τοὺς Ἕλληνας σαυτὸν σοφιστὴν παρέχων [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 312a; καλὸν ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας τὸ ἀγώνισμα φανεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.56 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἐπαχθὴς ἦν ἐς τοὺς πολλούς [[ [prev. author] 6.54; στρατιὰν ἐπαγγέλλων ἐς τοὺς ξυμμάχους [prev. author] 7.17; διαβεβλῆσθαι εἴς τινα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 539c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.4 elliptical usages,
__I.4.a after Verbs which have no sense of motion to or into a place, τὴν πόλιν ἐξέλιπον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρόν they quitted the city for a strong position, i.e. to seek a strong position, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.2.24 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; γράμματα ἑάλωσαν εἰς Ἀθήνας letters were captured [and sent] to Athens, [[ [prev. author] “HG” 1.1.23, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 468a; ἀνίστασθαι ἐς Ἄργος 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Heraclidae” 59, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 116a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__I.4.b participles signifying motion are frequently omitted with εἰς, τοῖς στρατηγοῖς τοῖς εἰς Σικελίαν (i.e. ἀποδειχθεῖσιν) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.11, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__IV.b of the subject of a work, especially in titles, e.g. τὰ ἐς Ἀπολλώνιον [[ 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “VA” ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; of the object of a dedication, as in titles of hymns, ἐπινίκια, etc.
