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ἕλκω
(ἑλκύω late, [[ 12th c.AD: Tzetzes, Joannes Grammaticus “Historiarum variarum chiliades” 6.621), 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.52, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+], imperfect
__A εἷλκον [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Fragmenta - American Journal of Philology” 39, etc.] Refs 4th c.BC+], Epic dialect ἕλκον [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.213, +others (never εἵλκυον)] Refs 8th c.BC+]: future ἕλξω [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 909, etc., rarely ἑλκύσω [ῠ] 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀγμῶν” 2, 4th-3rd c.BC: Philemo Comicus 174 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: aorist εἵλκῠσα [[ Batrachomyomachia 232, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.103 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], Trag. and Attic dialect, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 987, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 540, “SIG” 2587.23, +others, etc.; ἥλκυσα “IG” 11(2).287 B 61 (Delos, 2nd c.BC), “CIG” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” “Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum” 4993,5006 (Egypt, 3rd c.AD)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; later εἷλξα, poetry ἕλξα [[ “Anthologia Graeca” 9.370 (Tiberius Rhetor Ill.), 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Argonautica” 258, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “περὶ φυσικῶν δυνάμεων - Scripta Minora” 1.12 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]: perfect εἵλκῠκα [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 22.59 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; perfect participle ἑολκώς probably in [[ 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 177:] Refs 5th c.BC+] —middle, future -ύσομαι (ἐφ-) [[ 2nd c.AD: Antyllus Medicus cited in 4th c.AD: Oribasius Medicus 6.10.9: ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]aorist εἱλκυσάμην (ἀφ-) variant in [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 11 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], subjunctive ἀφελκύσωμαι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1120; rarely εἱλξάμην 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 4.534 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, future ἑλκυσθήσομαι [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 614 (ξυγκαθ-), 3rd c.BC: Lycophron Tragicus 358, ἑλχθήσομαι 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus “de Usu Partium” 7.7 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]: aorist εἱλκύσθην [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἐπιδημίαι” 4.14, (ἐξ-) 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ecclesiazusae” 688, ἑλκ- 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.140, ἡλκ- “IG” 12(7).115.11 (from Amorgos)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; later εἵλχθην [[ 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 2.11, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Philostratus Sophista “Vita Apollonii” 8.15, 3rd c.AD(?): Diogenes Laertius 6.91 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]: perfect εἵλκυσμαι [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἐπικυήσιος” 16, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 576, 1st c.AD: Philo Judaeus 1.316, (καθ-) 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.50, ἕλκυσμαι (ἀν-) 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.98, ἥλκυσμαι “BGU” 1256.11 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: pluperfect εἵλκυστο [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἐπιδημίαι” 4.36.] Refs 5th c.BC+] —In _Attic dialect_, ἕλκω, ἕλξω were alone used in present and future, while the other tenses were formed from ἑλκυ-; compare ἑλκέω (which see), ἑλκυστάζω. In [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, 3rd-2nd c.BC: Aristarchus Grammaticus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] rejected the augment (Cf. Latin sulcus, Lithuanian velkù 'drag'):— draw, drag, with collateralnotion of force or exertion, ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε began to drag [the dead body] by the foot, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.383; ἤν περ.. ποδῶν ἕλκωσι θύραζε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.276; τινὰ τῆς ῥινός 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Herm.” 73; Ἕκτορα.. περὶ σῆμ᾽ ἑτάροιο ἕλκει 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.52 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; drag away a prisoner, [[ 22.65 (_passive_)] Refs]; draw ships down to the sea, [[ 2.152 ] Refs], etc.; draw along a felled tree, [[ 17.743 ] Refs]; of mules, draw a chariot, [[ 24.324 ] Refs]; ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο.. πηκτὸν ἄροτρον draw the plough through the field, [[ 10.353, compare 23.518; ἕ. τινὰ ἐπὶ κνάφου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.92 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; περιβαλόντας σχοινία ἕ. haul at them, [[ [prev. author] 5.85. ] Refs]
Close Browse lexicon entries __A.2 draw after one, ἐν δ᾽ ἔπεσ᾽ Ὠκεανῷ.. φάος ἠελίοιο, ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.486 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πέδας ἕ. trail fetters after one, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.129 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἕ. χλανίδα let one's cloak trail behind, [[ 4th c.BC: Ephippus Comicus 19 (_anapaest meter_); θοἰμάτιον 5th-6th c.BC: Archippus Comicus 45. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.3 tear in pieces (used by [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus only in the form ἑλκέω), ὀνύχεσσι παρειάν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 280 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; worry, τὰς κύνας ὥλαφος ἕλκοι [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.135; ἑλκυσθῆναι ὑπὸ κυνός 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.140. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.3.b metaphorically, carp at, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.103. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.4 draw a bow, ἕλκε.. γλυφίδας τε λαβὼν καὶ νεῦρα βόεια [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.122, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.419, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.21, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.2.28, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.5 draw a sword, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1233, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Rhesus” 576 (_passive_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—middle, ἕλκετο δ᾽ ἐκ κολεοῖο.. ξίφος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.194. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.6 ἕ. ἱστία hoist sails, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.426 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—also in middle,[[ “hymnus ad Bacchum” 32. ] Refs]
__A.7 lift up scales, so as to poise them, ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.72, 22.212. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.II after [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.II.1 pull a barge-pole, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.194. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.2 tow a ship, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.90, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.3 drag into court, ἕλκω σε κλητεύσοντα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 1218, compare 1004 (_passive_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; εἰς ἀγοράν [[ NT.Act.16.19 ] NT]; drag about, especially with lewd violence, ἕλκει καὶ βιάζεται [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.150; μηδένα ἕλξειν μηδ᾽ ὑβριεῖν [prev. work] 221; ἕλκειν γυναῖκα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 1.12: _metaphorically_, ἄνω κάτω τοὺς λόγους ἕ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 195c, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Sophistici Elenchi” 167a35; ἡμέας ὁ καιρὸς ἕλκει 3rd c.BC: Herodas Mimographus 2.10 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also ἥλκυσμαι λαμπαδάρχης I have been compelled to serve as λ., [[ “BGU” [prev. cited] ] Refs]
__A.II.4 draw or suck up, [ἥλιος] ἕλκει τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπ᾽ ἑωυτόν [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.25 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἕ. τὸν ἀέρα draw it in, breathe it, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 19, 5th-4th c.BC: Timaeus Locrus Philosophus 101d (_passive_),compare 5th c.BC: Philyllius Comicus 20: ζωὴν φύσιν Archel. cited in 3rd c.BC: Antigonus Carystius Paradoxographus “Mirabilia” 89 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of persons drinking, drink in long draughts, quaff, μέθυ [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1200; ἄμυστιν [prev. author] “Cyc.” 417 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν.. τοῦ Πραμνίου [σπονδήν] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 107 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἶνον ἐκ.. λεπαστῆς Telecl[[ [prev. author] 24 (Lyric poetry); ἀπνευστί 4th c.BC: Antiphanes Comicus 74.14, etc.] Refs 4th c.BC+]: with accusative of the cup, δέπας μεστὸν.. ἕλκουσι γνάθοις ἀπαύστοις [[ [prev. author] 237, compare 4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 56.7, +others] Refs 4th c.BC+]; so ἕ. μαστόν suck it, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Phoenissae” 987 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; inhale, ὀσμήν [[ 3rd c.BC: Antigonus Carystius Paradoxographus “Mirabilia” 89 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; of roots, draw up nourishment, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.6.10: _metaphorically_, χανδὸν καὶ ἀμυστὶ τῶν μαθηυάτων ἕ. 4th-5th c.AD: Eunapius Historicus “Vitae Sophistarum” p.474D. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__A.II.5 draw from a receptacle, ἐξ ἑκάστου κιβωτίου πινάκιον ἕν [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 64.1. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__A.II.6 ἕ. βίοτον, ζόαν, drag out a weary life, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 207 (Lyric poetry), “Ph.” 1535 (Lyric poetry)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; προφάσιας ἕ. keep making excuses, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.86; πάσας τε προφάσεις.. ἕλκουσι 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 727 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἕ. χρόνους make long, in prosody, [[ 3rd c.AD: Longinus Rhetor “Proll. Heph.” p.83C.: hence _intransitive_, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο λέγεται ἑλκύσαι τὴν σύστασιν..] Refs 3rd c.AD+] that the conflict dragged on, lasted, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.167, compare “PHib.” 1.83.9 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, τῶν ἐγκλημάτων εἱκλυσμένων πλείονα χρόνον [[ “Supp.epigram” 2.281 (Delph., 2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; also of a person, ἑλκόμενος καὶ μόγις [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 350d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.7 ἕ. κόρδακα dance in long, measured steps, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 540 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἓν τουτὶ (σχῆμα) [[ [prev. author] “Pax” 328. ] Refs]
__A.II.8 draw to oneself, attract, of the magnet, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 567; by spells, τινὰ ποτὶ δῶμα 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 2.17, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 3.11.18, 3rd c.AD: Plotinus Philosophus 4.4.40, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πείθειν καὶ ἑ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 458d; ἐχθροὺς ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτόν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 22.59 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; draw on, ἐπὶ ἡδονάς [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 238a; εἰς τυραννίδας ἕ. τὰς πολιτείας [prev. author] “R.” 568c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:—passive, to be drawn on as by a spell, ἴυγγι δ᾽ ἕλκομαι ἦτορ [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 4.35; πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 494e. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.9 of things weighed, ἕ. σταθμὸν τάλαντα δέκα draw down the balance, i.e. weigh ten talents, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.50, compare 5th c.BC: Eupolis Comicus 116: _absolutely_, τὸ δ᾽ ἂν ἑλκύσῃ] Refs 5th c.BC+] whatever it weigh, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.65 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλεῖον ἕ. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Minos” 316a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.9.b ἕ. τὰς ψήφους cast up the account, [[ “PPetr.” 2p.37 (3rd c.BC), “PHib.” 1.17.25 (3rd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__A.II.10 draw or derive from a source, ἐντεῦθεν εἵλκυσεν ἐπὶ τὴν.. τέχνην τὸ πρός φορον αὐτῇ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 270a, compare 4th c.AD: Julianus Imperator “Orationes” 7.207a; τὸ γένος ἀπό τινος 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 11.9.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; assume, μείζω φαντασίαν [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 32.10.5; ὁ ἄρτος ἕλκει χρῶμα κάλλιστον 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 3.113c. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__A.II.11 ἑλκύσαι πλίνθους make bricks, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.179, compare “PPetr.” 3p.137 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἕ. λάγανον Chrysipp. Tyan. cited in [[ 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 14.647e. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__A.II.12 αἱ θυρίδες ἕλκουσι the win dows draw in air, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “de Ventis” 29. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__A.II.13 ἕ. ἑαυτόν, expressing some kind of athletic exercise, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Parmenides” 135d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B middle, ἕ. χαίτας ἐκ κεφαλῆς tear one's hair, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.15 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀσσοτέρω πυρὸς ἕλκετο δίφρον drew his chair nearer to the fire, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.506, compare 7th-6th c.BC(?): Semonides Iambographus 7.26. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.2 draw to oneself, scrape up, amass, τιμάς, ἄφενος ἕλκεσθαι, [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 30. ] Refs 6th c.BC+]
__B.3 ἕλκεσθαι στάθμας περισσᾶς in [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.90 ] Refs 5th c.BC+], means literal, to drag at too great a line, i.e.grasp more than one's due-- but whence the metaphor is taken remains unexplained.
__C passive, to be drawn or wrenched, νῶτα.. ἑλκόμενα στερεῶς, of wrestlers, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.715 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of the nails, to be curved, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ νούσων” 2.48 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; to close in when the core is removed, of the timber of certain trees, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 5.5.2. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.2 to be drawn or to flow at a place, of streams, [[ 3rd c.BC: Lycophron Tragicus 702; πρὸς ἀντολίην ἕ. αἶα 2nd c.AD: Dionysius Periegeta 1086. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__C.3 to be drawn or contracted, εἱλκύσθη ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ τράχηλος [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἐπιδημίαι” 4.14. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
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