conjunction, copulative, joining words and sentences,
__A and; also adverb, even, also, just, frequently expressing emphatic assertion or assent, corresponding as positive to the negative οὐ (μή) or οὐδέ (μηδέ). copulative, and,
__A.I joining words or sentences to those preceding, ἦ, καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπ᾽ ὀφρύσινεῦσε Κρονίων [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.528, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]: repeated with two or more Nouns, αἱ δὲ ἔλαφοι κ. δορκάδες κ. οἱ ἄγριοι οἶες κ. οἱ ὄνοι οἱ ἄγριοι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.7 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; joining only the last pair, [[ 2nd c.AD: Cleomedes Astronomus 2.1 (p.168.5 Z.), 6th c.AD: Philoponus, Joannes Philosophus “in Aristotelis Analytica Priora commentaria - pars” 239.30, etc., see reading in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1451a20 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ὁ ὄχλος πλείων κ. πλείων ἐπέρρει more and more, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.5.39 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; to add epithets after πολύς, πολλὰ κ. ἐσθλά [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.330; πολλὰ κ. μεγάλα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 28.1, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.I.2 to addalimiting or defining expression, πρὸς μακρὸν ὄρος κ. Κύνθιον ὄχθον to the mountain and specially to.., [[ “hymnus ad Apollinem” 17, compare 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 63 (_anapaest meter_), 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 1277 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs 5th c.BC+] (sometimes in reverse order, πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς κ. μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.398)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; to add by way of climax, θεῶν.. κ. Ποσειδῶνος all the gods, and above all.. , [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 750, etc.; ἐχθροὶ κ. ἔχθιστοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.68; τινὲς κ. συχνοί 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 455c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; frequently ἄλλοι τε καί.., ἄλλως τε καί.., see at {ἄλλος} [[ 11.6, ἄλλως 1.3 ] Refs]; ὀλίγου τινὸς ἄξια κ. οὐδενός little or nothing, [[ [prev. author] “Ap.” 23a: joined with the _demonstrative_ _pronoun_ οὗτος (which see), εἶναι.. δούλοισι, κ. τούτοισι ὡς δρηπέτῃσι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.11, compare 1.147 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. ταῦτα and this too.. , γελᾶν ἀναπείθειν, κ. ταῦθ᾽ οὕτω πολέμιον ὄντα τῷ γέλωτι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.16, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.2.b frequently used both in the antecedent and relative clause, where we put also in the antecedent only, εἰ μὲν κ. σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ κ. ἐγώ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 458a, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.476, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.1.21. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.3 frequently in apodosi, after temporal Conjs., ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δή ῥα.., κ. τότε δή.. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.494, compare 8.69, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.112 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; also after εἰ, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.897: in Prose, ὡς δὲ ἔδοξεν, κ. ἐχώρουν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.93 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: as a Hebraism, κ. ἐγένετο.. κ... [[ LXX.Gen.24.30, +others, NT.Luke.1.59, etc. ] LXX+NT]
__B.8 κ. εἰ even if, of a whole condition represented as an extreme case, opposed to εἰ κ. although, notwithstanding that, of a condition represented as immaterial even if fulfilled,[[compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.347, 5.351, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.292, 16.98 with 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.410, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.312, 8.139, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; εἰ κ. ἠπιστάμην if I had been able, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 108d, compare “Lg.” 663d. (This remark does not apply to cases where εἰ and καί] Refs 5th c.BC+] each exert their force separtely, as εἴ περ ἀδειής τ᾽ ἐστί, καὶ εἰ.. and if.. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.117, compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.78, etc.) ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.9 before a Participle, to represent either καὶ εἰ.., or εἰ καί.., although, albeit, Ἕκτορα κ. μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω, for ἢν κ. μεμάῃ, how much soever he rage, although he rage, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.655; τί σὺ ταῦτα, κ. ἐσθλὸς ἐών, ἀγορεύει; (for εἰ κ. ἐσθλὸς εἶ) 16.627, compare 13.787, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.343, etc.; κ. τύραννος ὢν ὅμως 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Coloneus” 851. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C Position: καί and, is by Poets sometimes put after another word, ἔγνωκα, τοῖσδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω, for καὶ τοῖσδε οὐδέν [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 51, compare 3rd c.BC: Euphorio Epicus 51.7, etc. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C.2 καί also, sometimes goes between a preposition and its case, ἐν κ. θαλάσσᾳ [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.28. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.3 very seldom at the end of a verse, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 312, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1193. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D crasis: with ᾰ, as κἄν, κἀγαθοί, etc.; with ε, as κἀγώ, κἄπειτα, etc., Doric dialect κἠγώ, κἤπειτα, etc.; with η, as Χἠ, Χἠμέρη, Χἠμεῖς, etc.; with ῐ in Χἰκετεύετε, Χἰλαρ; with ο, as Χὠ, Χὤστις, etc.; with υ in Χὐμεῖς, Χὐποχείριον, etc.; with ω in the pronoun ᾧ, Χ; with αι, as κᾀσχρῶ; with αυ, as καὐτό; with ει, as κεἰ, κεἰς (but also κἀς), κᾆτ; with εὐ-, as κεὐγένεια, κεὐσταλή; with οι in Χοἰ (Χᾠ [[ “Etymologicum Magnum” 816.34)] Refs]; with ου in Χοὖτος, κοὐ, κοὐδέ, and the like.
