poetry καταί accusative to [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Syntaxi;” 309.28, found in Compds., as καταιβάτης] Refs 2nd c.AD+]: preposition with genitive or accusative:— downwards.
__A.II.3 later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, [[ 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 6.7.8; κατ᾽ ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Rh.Pr.” 9. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__A.II.4 of vows or oaths, by, καθ᾽ ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 29.26, compare 54.38; ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 32.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ᾽ ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. cited in [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 5.47, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 29.5, “Foed.Delph.Pell.” 1 A 9, etc.; κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator “Epistulae” 1.16 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also κατ᾽ ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, [[ [prev. author] 21.119; κατ᾽ ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν [prev. author] 57.22. ] Refs]
__A.II.4.b to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering.., κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 660. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.5 in hostile sense, against, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 221, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 304, etc.; κ. πάντων φύεσθαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.19 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially of judges giving sentence against a person, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Septem contra Thebas” 198, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 449, etc.; ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 22.7; λέγειν κατά τινος κακά 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 65, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 1.5.2, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of speeches, [λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opposed to πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.); δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 3.6, compare 18. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__B.III.3 Geometry texts, in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, [[ 3rd c.BC: Archimedes Geometra “τετραγωνισμὸς παραβολῆς” 6 ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; κατ᾽ εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with.., [[ 3rd c.AD(?): Pappus Mathematicus 58.7. ] Refs 3rd c.AD+]
__B.IV of fitness or conformity, in accordance with, κ. θυμόν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.136 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; καθ᾽ ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking,[[ 9.108; κ. νόον πρήξωμεν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.97 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.286; κατ᾽ αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον, 10.445, 472 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. νόμον [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 417; κὰν νόμον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 8.78; κ. τοὺς νόμους “IG” 22.1227.15 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; αἰτίαν καθ᾽ ἥντινα for what cause, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 228 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, [[ [prev. author] “Supp.” 336, “Eu.” 686 ] Refs]; καθ᾽ ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.37, 53; κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.30, compare 9.38 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. φιλίαν, κατ᾽ ἔχθος, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.60, 103, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ.. for no other reason but that.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 229d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. δύναμιν to the best of one's power, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.142, etc. (κὰδ δ. 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 336)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange suitably, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 2.6, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κατ᾽ εὐνοίην with goodwill, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.108; κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 2.2.8, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in quotations, according to, κατ᾽ Αἰσχύλον [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 134; κ. Πίνδαρον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 227b, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.IV.2 in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπους ={τὰ ἀνθρώπινα}, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 930, 310; τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.31; τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν [prev. work] 214 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.181 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opposed to αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις) the management of public affairs, [[ 4th-3rd c.BC: Dinarchus Orator 1.97; τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας “SIG” 506.7 (Delph., 3rd c.BC)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; so τὸ κατ᾽ ὑμέας as far as concerns you, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.158 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ κατ᾽ ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.247 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.3, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. ταὐτά in the same way, [[ [prev. author] 2.20 ] Refs]; καθ᾽ ὅτι so far as, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.82, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.IV.3 in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, uncertain in [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.233; μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 2.67 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.121 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 1001 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κηδεῦσαι καθ᾽ ἑαυτόν to marry in one's own rank of life, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 890; οὐ κατ᾽ ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν [prev. author] “Th.” 425; λέγω κατ᾽ ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ [prev. author] “Ag.” 925 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, [[ 5th c.BC: Chionides Comicus 1 (but ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ] Refs 5th c.BC+] to address you in your own style, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 467c); τὸ κατ᾽ ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ᾽ ἐμέ 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Epicteti Dissertationes” 1.28.5; οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.169; ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1310b3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: frequently after a comparative, μέζων ἢ κατ᾽ ἀνθρώπων φύσιν [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.38, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 20e, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.75 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than was common among the Thracians, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.95. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.VIII periphrastically with abstract substantive, κατ᾽ ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, ={ἡσύχως, ταχέως}, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.9, 7.178 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. κράτος by force, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.1.19, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. μέρος partially, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1456a16 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; individually, severally, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 157b, “Lg.” 835a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. φύσιν naturally, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.38, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 428e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. τὴν τέχνην skilfully, [[ 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “DDeor.” 20.7 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; οὔτ᾽ ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ᾽ ἡδονήν [ἐστι] it is not pleasant for me to tell you, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 263. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__C Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastrophe κάτα, as [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.221, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, [[ 17.91. ] Refs]
__D absolutely as adverb. in all the above senses, especially like{κάτω}, downwards, from above, down, frequently in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__E κατά in COMPOSITION (joined with other words),
__E.I downwards, down, as in καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1.
__E.II in answer to, in accordance with, as in κατᾴδω (occino), καταινέω, καταθύμιος.
__E.III against, in hostile sense [[compare (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.5), as in καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι: more rarely with a ] Refs 4th c.BC+] substantive, as καταδίκη.
__E.IV back, back again, as in κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11.
__E.V frequently only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with Substantives and adjectives, as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος.
__E.VI sometimes to give a transitive force to an intransitive Verb, our be-, as in καταθρηνέω bewail.
__E.VII implying waste or consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a disparaging sense, as in καταγιγνώσκω 1.
__F κατά as a preposition was shortened in some dialects, especially in Epic dialect, into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ), ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the preposition with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In compound Verbs, κατά sometimes changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθαν; and before στ, σχ, the second syllable sometimes disappears, as in καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε, as also in the Doric dialect forms καβαίνων, κάπετον.
καθεῖς,
for καθ᾽ εἷς, one by one, one after antoher, [[ LXX.3Mac.5.34; εἷς καθεῖς NT.Mark.14.19, etc.: formed backwards from the _neuter_ ἓν καθέν, noted by 2nd c.AD: Lucianus Sophista “Sol.” 9. ] LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+]
