Skip to main content
περί — STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones | Berean Institutes
STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones: περί Text size 19px Width Narrow Wide Theme Light Sepia Dark Save settings Highlight selection Add note Annotate selection
Save reading position
περί,
Thess., Delph. περ [[ “IG” 9(2).517.17 (3rd c.BC), +others, “Schwyzer” 323 A 4 (5th-4th c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+], also Aeolic dialect, see below [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus ] Refs 4th c.BC+] V; Elean παρ [[[prev. work]413.4] Refs]: preposition with genitive, dative, and accusative:—round about, all round (properly different from ἀμφί, on both sides). (Cogn. with Sanskrit pári 'round about'.)
__A WITH GENITIVE,
__A.I of Place, sometimes in Poets, round about, around, τετάνυστο π. σπείους ἡμερίς [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.68; τείχη π. Δαρδανίας 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 818 (Lyric poetry, assuming variant); εἴλυμα π. χροός 3rd c.BC: Apollonius Rhodius Epicus 2.1129: rarely, like{ἀμφί}] Refs 8th c.BC+], on both sides, see at {περιβαίνω} [[ 1 near the end ] Refs]
__A.I.2 about near, π. σοῦ πάντα γένοιτο ῥόδα [[ “IG” 14.2508 (from Nemausus). ] Refs]
__A.II to denote the object about or for which one does something:
__A.II.1 with Verbs of fighting or contending, π. τινός for an object—from the notion of the thing's lying in the middle to be fought about, π. τῶνδε for these prizes, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.659; π. πτόλιος.. μαχήσεται 18.265; π. Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος [prev. work] 195, compare 17.120; π. σεῖο 3.137; π. νηὸς ἔχον πόνον 15.416; ἀμύνεσθαι π. πάτρης, π. νηῶν, π. τέκνων, 12.243, 142, 170, etc.] Refs 8th c.BC+]; δόλους καὶ μῆτιν ὕφαινον, ὥς τε π. ψυχῆς since it was for my life, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.423; π. ψυχῆς θέον Ἕκτορος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.161; π. ψυχέων ἐμάχοντο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.245 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Prose, τρέχειν π. ἑωυτοῦ, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.57, 9.37; ἀγῶνας δραμέονται π. σφέων αὐτῶν [prev. author] 8.102; νεναυμάχηκε τὴν π. τῶν κρεῶν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Ranae” 191; [τὸν] π. τοῦ παντὸς δρόμον θέοντες 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.74; κινδυνεύειν π. τινός [prev. passage], etc.; οὐ π. τῶν ἴσων ὁ κίνδυνός ἐστι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.7 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; and without a Verb, π. γῆς ὅρων διαφοραί [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.122; π. πάντων ἀγαθῶν ὁ ἀγών 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 3.3.44, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 936 (Lyric poetry), etc.; μάχη π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179d; ἐπειγόμενοι π. νίκης 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.437, compare 639, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.26; πεῖραν θανάτου π. καὶ ζωᾶς ἀναβάλλεσθαι 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.29; π. θανάτου φεύγειν 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.95 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; but ἐρίσσαι π. μύθων contend about speaking, i. e. who can speak best, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.284; καὶ ἀθανάτοισιν ἐρίζεσκον π. τόξων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.225, compare 24.515. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __A.II.2 with words which denote care or anxiety, about, on account of, π. Τρώων.. μερμηρίζειν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.17; ἄχος π. τινός 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.249; φόνου π. βουλεύειν 16.234; φροντίζειν π. τινός 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36, etc.; κήδεσθαι π. τ. 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 621; δεδιέναι π. τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 320a, etc.; ἀπολογεῖσθαι π. τ. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 2.2.13 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κρίνειν, διαγιγνώσκειν π. τ., [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 5.40, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.96 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τ. ψηφίζεσθαι, διαψηφίζεσθαι, ψῆφον φέρειν, [[ “IG” 12.57.42, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.50, 4th c.BC: Lycurgus Orator 11; βουλεύεσθαι π. τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 5.69; π. Μεθωναίων “IG” 12.57.49 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; διανοεῖσθαι, σκοπεῖν π. τινός, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 270d, “Phd.” 65e; μαντεύεσθαι π. τ. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36, compare 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 77 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πότου γοῦν ἐστί σο; so with you it is a question of drink? [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 87, compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.43b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.3 with Verbs of hearing, knowing, speaking, etc., about, concerning, π. νόστου ἄκουσα [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.270; οἶδα γὰρ εὖ π. κείνου 17.563; π. πομπῆς μνησόμεθα 7.191; π. πατρὸς ἐρέσθαι 1.135, 3.77 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἐρέειν, λέγειν, λόγον ποιήσασθαι, etc., [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.5, 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Oedipus Tyrannus” 707, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.6.13, etc.; λέγειν καὶ ἀκούειν π. ἑκάστου 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.22, etc.; λόγος π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 347b, etc.; ἡ π. τινὸς φήμη 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.48 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς ἀγγεῖλαι, κηρῦξαι, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1111, “Ant.” 193 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τινὸς διελθεῖν, διεξελθεῖν, διηγεῖσθαι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.2, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 274b, “Euthphr.” 6c, etc.; παίζειν π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.3.8; ἐμπειροτέρως ἔχειν π. τινός 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.82; νόμον γράψαι π. τινός 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.52, etc.; νόμῳ χρῆσθαι π. τινός 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 214. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.4 of impulse or motive rather than object, ἐμαρνάσθην ἔριδος πέρι fought for very enmity, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 7.301, compare 16.476, 20.253. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.II.5 about, in regard to, μεμηνυμένος π. τινός [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.53; οὕτως ἔσχε π. τοῦ πρήγματος τούτου 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.117; τὰ π. τῶν Πλαταιῶν γεγενημένα 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.6; τὸ π. τούτου γεγονός 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 1.54.5 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose frequently without a Verb, ἡ π. τῶν Μαντινικῶν πρᾶξις [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.88 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τινός the circumstances of.., [[[prev. work] 32, 8.14, 26, etc. (compare infr. C. 1.5)] Refs]; οὕτω δὴ καὶ π. τῶν ἀρετῶν (i.e. ἔχει) [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 72c, compare “R.” 534b, 551c, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τοῦ καταλειφθῆναι τὸν σῖτον as for reserving the corn, [[ “PMich.Zen.” 28.5 (3rd c.BC): without the _Article_, ἀριθμοῦ πέρι] Refs 3rd c.BC+] as to number, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.102 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρηστηρίων δὲ πέρι.. [[ [prev. author] 2.54. ] Refs]
__A.III before, above, beyond, of superiority, chiefly in Epic dialect, π. πάντων ἔμμεναι ἄλλων [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.287; π. δ᾽ ἄλλων φασὶ γενέσθαι 4.375; τετιμῆσθαι π. πάντων 9.38; ὃν π. πάσης τῖεν ὁμηλικίης 5.325; ὃν.. π. πάντων φίλατο παίδων 20.304; π. πάντων ἴδριες ἀνδρῶν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.108; κρατερὸς π. πάντων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.566, compare 1.417, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.216: in this sense frequently divided from its _genitive_, π. φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων] Refs 8th c.BC+] in understanding to be beyond them, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.171, compare 1.258, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.66; π. μὲν εἶδος, π. δ᾽ ἔργα τέτυκτο τῶν ἄλλων Δαναῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.279; π. μὲν κρατέεις, π. δ᾽ αἴσυλα ῥέζεις ἀνδρῶν 21.214; π. δ᾽ ἔγχει Ἀχαιῶν φέρτατός ἐσσι 7.289, compare 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 6.50, 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.119.] Refs 8th c.BC+] —In this sense π. is sometimes adverbial, and the genitive is absent, see below [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus II. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.IV in [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus and _Attic dialect_ Prose, to denote value, ἡμῖν π. πολλοῦ ἐστι] Refs 5th c.BC+] it is of much consequence, worth much, to us, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1. 120, compare 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πολλοῦ ποιεῖσθαί τινας to reckon them for, i.e. worth, much, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.73, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.3.10, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. πλείονος, π. πλείστου ποιεῖσθαι, [[ [prev. author] “An.” 7.7.44, “Cyr.” 7.5.60; π. πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.89; π. παντὸς ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.4.1 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἐλάττονος ἡγούμενοι, π. οὐδενὸς ἡγήσασθαι, [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 2.71, 31.31. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.V Aeolic dialect περί and περ ={ὑπέρ, στροῦθοι περὶ γᾶς.. δίννεντες πτέρα} [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.10] Refs 7th c.BC+]; περ κεφάλας probably in [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus 93, compare 18; περρ ἁπαλῶ στύματός σε πεδέρχομαι 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 29.25 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; also Hellenistic, ὃ διέγραψε Προῖτος περί μου paid on my behalf, PCair. Zen.[[ 790.23 (3rd c.BC),compare “UPZ” 57.12 (2nd c.BC). ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__B WITH DATIVE (in Attic dialect Prose mostly in signification [[ 11, especially in 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus), ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.I of Place, round about, around, of close-fitting dresses, armour, etc., ἔνδυνε π. στήθεσσι χιτῶνα [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.21; χιτῶνα π. χροῒ δῦνεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 15.60; δύσετο τεύχεα καλὰ π. χροΐ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.241; ἕσσαντο π. χροῒ χαλκόν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 24.467; κνημῖδας.. π. κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.17; βεβλήκει τελαμῶνα π. στήθεσσι 12.401: in Prose, π. τῇσι κεφαλῇσι εἶχον τιάρας 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.61; θώρακα π. τοῖς στέρνοις ἔχειν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.13 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; οἱ στρεπτοὶ οἱ π. τῇ δέρῃ καὶ τὰ ψέλια π. ταῖς χερσί[[ [prev. work] 1.3.2.; π. τῇ χειρὶ δακτύλιον ὄντα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 359e, etc.; χαλκὸς ἔλαμπε π. στήθεσσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.245; χιτῶνα π. στήθεσσι δαΐξαι 2.416; πήληξ.. κονάβησε π. κροτάφοισι 15.648 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; in other relations, π. δ᾽ ἔγχεϊ χεῖρα καμεῖται will grow weary by grasping the spear,[[ 2.389; δράκων ἑλισσόμενος π. χειῇ 22.95; κνίση ἑλισσομένη π. καπνῷ 1.317; π. σταχύεσσιν ἐέρση 23.598; μάρναντο π. Σκαιῇσι πύλῃσιν 18.453 ] Refs]: rarely in Trag., π. βρέτει πλεχθείς [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 259 (Lyric poetry); κεῖται νεκρὸς π. νεκρῷ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Antigone” 1240. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.I.2 in Poets, also, around a weapon, i. e. spitted upon it, transfixed by it, π. δουρὶ πεπαρμένη [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.577; ἐρεικόμενος π. δουρί 13.441; κυλινδόμενος π. χαλκῷ 8.86; π. δουρὶ ἤσπαιρε 13.570; πεπτῶτα π. ξίφει 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 828; αἷμα ἐρωήσει π. δουρί 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.303. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.I.3 of a warrior standing over a dead comrade so as to defend him, ἀμφὶ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῷ βαῖν᾽, ὥς τις π. πόρτακι μήτηρ [[ 17.4; ἑστήκει, ὥς τίς τε λέων π. οἷσι τέκεσσι [prev. work] 133; Αἴας π. Πατρόκλῳ.. βεβήκει [prev. work] 137, compare 355; π. σκύμνοισι βεβηκώς 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1039. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II of an object for or about which one struggles (compare above [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.1), π. οἷσι μαχειόμενος κτεάτεσσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 17.471; μαχήσασθαι π. δαιτί 2.245; π. παιδὶ μάχης πόνος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.568; ἄνδρα π. ᾗ πατρίδι μαρνάμενον 7th c.BC: Tyrtaeus Elegiacus 10.2; π. τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 314a; π. τῇ Σικελίᾳ ἔσται ὁ ἀγών 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.34 codices; κινδυνεύειν π. αὑτῷ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 5.6. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II.2 with Verbs denoting care, anxiety, or the opposite (compare above [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.2), π. γὰρ δίε ποιμένι λαῶν, μή τι πάθοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.566; ἔδεισεν δὲ π. ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ 10.240, compare 11.557; δεδιότες π. τῷ χωρίῳ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.60, compare 74, 119, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 27; θαρρεῖν π. τῇ ἑαυτοῦ ψυχῇ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 114d, compare “Tht.” 148c; π. πλέγματι γαθεῖ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 1.54. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II.3 generally, of the cause or occasion, on account of, by reason of, ἀτύζεσθαι π. καπνῷ, variant for{ὑπὸ καπνοῦ} in [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.183; μὴ π. Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ Ἑλλάς 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.101; π. σφίσιν αὐτοῖς πταῖσαι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 6.33; π. αὑτῷ σφαλῆναι [prev. author] 1.69: in Poets, π. δείματι] Refs 8th c.BC+] for fear, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 5.58 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τιμᾷ in honour or praise, [[[prev. work] 2.59 ] Refs]; π. τάρβει, π. φόβῳ, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 696 (Lyric poetry), “Ch.” 35 (Lyric poetry); π. χάρματι “hymnus ad Cererem” 429:] Refs 4th c.BC+] —but π. θυμῷ is falsa lectio in [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.50. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I of Place, properly of the object round about which motion takes place, π. βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking round the pit, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.42; π. νεκρὸν ἤλασαν ἵππους 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.13; π. τέρματα ἵπποι τρωχῶσι 22.162; ἄστυ πέρι.. διώκειν [prev. work] 173, 230 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐρύσας π. σῆμα [[ 24.16, compare 51, etc.; π. φρένας ἤλυθ᾽ ἰωή 10.139; π. φρένας ἤλυθε οἶνος 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.362 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: also of extension round, ἑστάμεναι π. τοῖχον, π. βωμόν, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.374, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.187, etc.; λέξασθαι π. ἄστυ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.519; μάρνασθαι π. ἄ. 6.256, etc.; φυλάσσοντας π. μῆλα 12.303; οἳ π. Πηνειὸν.. ναίεσκον, π. Δωδώνην.. οἰκί᾽ ἔθεντο, 2.757, 750; σειρήν κεν π. ῥίον Οὐλύμποιο δησαίμην 8.25, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.67: in Prose, ἰκριῶσαι π. τὼ ἀγάλματε “IG” 12.371.22; φυλακὰς δεῖ π. τὸ στρατόπεδον εἶναι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 5.1.9 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τὴν κρήνην εὕδειν somewhere near it, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 259a, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.9; εἶναι π. τὸν λαγώ [prev. author] “Cyn.” 4.4 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. λίθον πεσών upon it, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 1180 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. αὑτὰ καταρρεῖν collapse upon themselves, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.10; ταραχθεῖσαι [αἱ νῆες] π. ἀλλήλας 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.23 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πλεῦνες π. ἕνα many to one, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.103 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. τὸν ἄρξαντα.. τὸ ἀδίκημά ἐστι is imputable to him who.., [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 4.4.2: frequently with a ] Refs 5th c.BC+] substantive only, ἡ π. Λέσβον ναυμαχία the sea-fight off Lesbos, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.32; οἱ π. τὴν Ἔφεσον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179e; στρατηγοὶ π. Πελοπόννησον “IG” 12.324.18: strengthened, π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε τάφρον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.760; π. τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κύματα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Theogonia” 848; compare ἀμφί with 1.2. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.I.2 of persons who are about one, ἔχειν τινὰ π. αὑτόν [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.3.22 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; especially οἱ π. τινά a person's attendants, connexions, associates, or colleagues, οἱ π. τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.63 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἡράκλειτον his school, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 440c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.5.8, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι Archias and his colleagues, [[ [prev. author] “HG” 5.4.2, compare “An.” 2.4.2, etc.] Refs]; οἱ π. τινά so-and-so and his family, [[ PGrenf. 1.21.16 (2nd c.BC), etc.] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; later οἱ π. τινά, periphrastic for the person himself, οἱ π. Φαβρίκιον Fabricius, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pyrrhus” 20, compare “Tim.” 13, “IGRom.” 3.883.14 (Tarsus, 2nd-3rd c.AD)] Refs 1st c.AD+]; compare ἀμφί C. 1.3.
__C.I.3 of the object about which one is occupied or concerned, π. δόρπα πονεῖσθαι, π. δεῖπνον πένεσθαι, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.444, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.624 (but π. τεύχε᾽ ἕπουσι, tmesis for περιέπουσι, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.555)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; later mostly εἶναι π. τι, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.31, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.2.4; γενέσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 3.12 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. γυναῖκας γενέσθαι Vett.[[ Val. 17.20; ὄντων ἡμῶν π. ταύτην τὴν πραγματείαν 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 48.6; διατρῖψαι π. τὴν θήραν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.2.11, etc.: less frequently ἔχειν π. τινάς [prev. author] “HG” 7.4.28, 2nd c.AD: Galenus Medicus 15.442] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in periphrastic phrases, οἱ π. τὴν ποίησιν καὶ τοὺς λόγους ὄντες poets and orators, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 12.35; οἱ π. τὴν φιλοσοφίαν ὄντες [prev. author] 9.8; οἱ π. τὴν μουσικήν [prev. work]4; οἱ π. τὰς τελετάς] Refs 5th c.BC+] ministers of the mysteries, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 69c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁ π. τὸν ἵππον the groom, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 6.3; compare ἀμφί C. 1.6. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.I.4 round or about a place, and so in, π. νῆσον ἀλώμενοι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.368, compare 90; ἐμέμηκον π. σηκούς 9.439 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἃν π. ψυχὰν γάθησεν in his heart, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.122; χρονίζειν π. Αἴγυπτον 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.61, compare 7.131; εὕροι ἄν τις [βασιλείας] π. τοὺς βαρβάρους 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 544d, etc.] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ π. Φωκίδα τόποι [[ 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 5.24.12, etc. ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]
__C.I.5 about, in the case of, τὰ π. τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα, τὰ π. Μίλητον γενόμενα, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.13, 6.26; εὐσεβεῖν π. θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Symposium” 193a; ἀσεβεῖν π. ξένους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.2.10; ἁμαρτάνειν π. τινάς [prev. author] “An.” 3.2.20; ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἀγαθὸς π. τὸν δῆμον τὸν Ἀθηναίων “IG” 12.59.10; ἄνδρ᾽ ἀγαθὸν ὄντα Μαραθῶνι π. τὴν πόλιν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 696; τοιαύτην γνώμην ἔχειν π. τὸν πατέρα 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 10.21; οὐδεμία συμφορὴ.. ἔσται.. π. οἶκον τὸν σόν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.102 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ποιέειν or πράττειν τι π. τινά, [[ [prev. author] 1.158, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 507a; τὰ π. Πρηξάσπεα πρηχθέντα 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.76; καινοτομεῖν π. τὰ θεῖα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 3b; π. θεοὺς μὴ σωφρονεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 1.1.20 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; σπουδάζειν π. τινά promote his cause, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.10 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: without a Verb, αἱ π. τοὺς παῖδας συμφοραί [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 7.2.20; ἡ π. αὑτὸν ἐπιμέλεια 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.2; ἡ π. ἡμᾶς ἡνιόχησις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 246b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, of all relations, about, concerning, in respect of, π. μὲν τοὺς ἰχθύας οὕτως ἔχει [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.93, compare 8.86; πονηρὸν π. τὸ σῶμα 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 313d; ἀκόλαστος π. ταῦτα 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.42; γελοῖος π. τὰς διατριβάς [prev. work]126; ξυνηνέχθη θόρυβος π. τὸν Ἀστύοχον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.84 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; as to [[compare (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.5), π. τὸ παρὸν πάθος 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 179c, compare “Phd.” 65a: frequently in place of an ] Refs 5th c.BC+] adjective, ὄργανα ὅσα π. γεωργίαν, i.e. γεωργικά[[, [prev. author] “R.” 370d; οἱ νόμοι οἱ π. τοὺς γάμους [prev. author] “Cri.” 50d; αἱ π. τὰ μαθήματα ἡδοναί [prev. author] “Phlb.” 51e ] Refs]; also in place of a genitive, οἱ π. Αυσίαν λόγοι the speeches of L., [[ [prev. author] “Phdr.” 279a ] Refs]; ἡ π. Φίλιππον τυραννίς the despotism of P., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.4.2; ἀκρασίας τῆς π. τὸν θυμόν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ethica Nicomachea” 1149b19 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: in Prose, to denote circumstances connected with any person or thing, τὰ π. Κῦρον, τὰ π. Ἑλένην, τὰ π. Βάττον, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.95, 2.113, 4.154 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὸν Ἄθων the works at Mount Athos, [[ [prev. author] 7.37 ] Refs]; τὰ π. τὰς ναῦς naval affairs, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ π. τὴν ναυμαχίαν (variant for{τῆς ναυμαχίας}) the events of.., [[ [prev. author] 8.63; τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 468a; τὰ π. τὸ σῶμα [prev. author] “Phdr.” 246d; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 8.1.23, etc.; compare ἀμφί with 1.4. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II of Time, π. λύχνων ἁφάς about the time of lamp-lighting, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.215 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μέσας νύκτας about midnight, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 1.7.1; π. πλήθουσαν ἀγοράν [prev. work] 2.1.7 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ἡλίου δυσμάς[[ [prev. work] 6.5.32; π. τούτους τοὺς χρόνους 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.89, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__C.II.2 of round numbers, π. ἑβδομήκοντα about seventy, [[ [prev. author] 1.54; π. ἑπτακοσίους 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.4.5, etc. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__D Position: π. may follow its substantive, when it suffers anastrophe, ἄστυ πέρι [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.173; ἔριδος πέρι 16.476: most frequently with _genitive_, τοῦδε πράγματος πέρι 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 630; τῶνδε βουλεύειν πέρι [prev. author] “Th.” 248, etc. (5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] only once uses it before its genitive, [[ “Aj.” 150 (_anapaest meter_)): in Prose, σφέων αὐτῶν πέρι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.36; σοφίας πέρι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Philebus” 49a; δικαίων τε πέρι καὶ ἀδίκων [prev. author] “Grg.” 455a, etc.; γραμμάτων εἴπομεν ὡς οὐχ ἱκανῶς ἔχεις πέρι [prev. author] “Lg.” 809e, compare “Ap.” 19c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__E περί absolutely, as adverb., around, about, also, near, by, frequently in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, γέλασσε δὲ πᾶσα π. χθών 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.362, +others: strengthened, περί τ᾽ ἀμφί τε κάλλος ἄητο ] Refs 8th c.BC+]round about, [[ Hymnus in Cererem 276, compare 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hecale” 1.1.13. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__E.II before or above others [[compare (4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 111)] Refs 4th c.BC+], exceedingly, only Epic dialect, in which case it commonly suffers anastrophe, Τυδεΐδη, πέρι μέν σε τίον Δαναοί [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 8.161, compare 9.53 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; σε χρὴ πέρι μὲν φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ᾽ ἐπακοῦσαι[[ [prev. work] 100; τοι πέρι δῶκε θεὸς πολεμήϊα ἔργα 13.727; ἅ οἱ πέρι δῶκεν Ἀθήνη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.116, compare 7.110; πέρι γάρ μιν ὀϊζυρὸν τέκε μήτηρ 3.95; πέρι κέρδεα οἶδεν 2.88; τὸν πέρι Μοῦσ᾽ ἐφίλησεν 8.63. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__E.II.2 π. does not suffer anastrophe in the Epic dialect phrase π. κῆρι right heartily, π. κῆρι φίλησε [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.430, etc. (κῆρι φιλεῖν alone, 9.117); ἀπέχθωνται π. κῆρι 4.53 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. κῆρι τιέσκετο[[ [prev. work] 46, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.36, 7.69; π. κῆρι.. ἐχολώθη 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.206; also π. φρεσὶν ἄσπετος ἀλκή 16.157; π. φρεσὶν αἴσιμα ᾔδη 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.433; ἀλύσσοντες π. θυμῷ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.70, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.146; π. σθένεϊ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.22. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__E.II.3 for περὶ πρό, see at {περιπρό}.
__E.II.4 περὶ κάτω bottom upwards, δῖνος π. κάτω τετραμμένος [[ 5th c.BC: Strattis Comicus 34, compare 9th c.AD: Photius Legal icographus, etc.; τὴν κόγχην στρέψας π. τὰ κάτω 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus “De Natura Animalium - Ar.Byzantine Epit.” 9.34. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__F IN COMPOSITION (joined with other words), all its chief senses recur, especially
__F.I extension in all directions as from a centre, all round, as in περιβάλλω, περιβλέπω, περιέχω.
__F.II completion of an orbit and return to the same point, about, as in περιάγω, περιβαίνω, περίειμι (εἶμι ibo), περιέρχομαι, περιστρέφω.
__F.III a going over or beyond, above, before, as in περιβαίνω III, περιβάλλω see, περιγίγνομαι, περιεργάζομαι, περιτοξεύω.
__F.IV generally, a strengthening of the simple notion, beyond measure, very, exceedingly, as in περικαλλής, περίκηλος, περιδείδω, like Latin per-.
__F.V the notion of double-ness which belongs to ἀμφί is found in only one poetic compound, περιδέξιος (which see).
__G PROSODY: περί never suffers elision in [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” or 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” (περ᾽ ἰγνύσι “hymnus ad Mercurium” 152); once in 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus, περίαχε “Th.” 678 (compare 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 3.601, 11.382), see.{ἰάχω}] Refs 8th c.BC+] near the end; περ᾽ ἰγνύῃσι [[ 3rd c.BC: Theocritus Poeta Bucolicus 25.242; περ᾽ Ἠδάλιον “Inscription Cyprian dialect” 135.27 H.; also in 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus, περάπτων “P.” 3.52; περόδοις “N.” 11.40; περιδαῖος “fragment” 154; περ᾽ αὐτᾶς “P.” 4.265; ταύτας περ᾽ ἀτλάτου πάθας “O.” 6.38: not in Trag. (περεβάλοντο, περεσκήνωσεν are ff. lines in 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 1147, “Eu.” 634)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in Comedy texts and codices of Prose writers only in participle of περίειμι (εἶμι ibo) (which see):—π. stands before a word beginning with a vowel in Comedy texts, περὶ Ἀθηνῶν, περὶ ἐμοῦ, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 1005 ] Refs 5th c.BC+] {περιαγαπάζομαι}:—Aeolic dialect περρ for the sake of meter, see [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 5. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
STEP Liddell–Scott–Jones — CC-BY-4.0
STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
View source 