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πρᾶγμα, ατος, τό,
Ionic dialect πρῆχμα [[ “Schwyzer” 688 B 16, C 5 (Chios, 5th c.BC), “GDI” 5598.4 (from Ephesus)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; also πρῆγμα [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.33, +others, but 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus ] Refs 5th c.BC+] perhaps wrote πρῆχμα, which is see[[ l. in 1.133 cited in 2nd c.AD: Athenaeus Epigrammaticus 4.144a (codex A), and in 3.49, 57 (“POxy.” 1619.326, 379)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; compare πρήχματος οὐχ ὁσίου imitated from [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus in “epigram Gr.” 1092 (from Erechtheum)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: (πράσσω):— deed, act, the concrete of πρᾶξις, but frequently approaching to the abstract sense, [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 116, +others] Refs 6th c.BC+]; opposed to λόγοι, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 2.12, etc.; πραγμάτων ὀρθὰν ὁδόν 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 7.46 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; γυναίου π. ἐποίει did the act of a woman, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 25.57, compare 18.24, etc. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II occurrence, matter, affair, πᾶσαν τελευτὰν πράγματος [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.75, compare “P.” 4.278; τί τοῦδε σοὶ μέτεστι π. λέγε 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 575, compare 584; π. τοιόνδε συνηνείχθη γενέσθαι 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.33, compare 9.92, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.64; ἐς μέσον σφι προετίθεε τὸ π. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.206; τί δ᾽ εἰδὼς τοῦδε π. πέρ; 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Ajax” 747 codices; τὸ π. εἰς ὑπέρδεινόν μοι περιέστη 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 21.111 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὁρᾶτε τὸ π., οἷ προελήλυθε κτλ., [[ [prev. author] 4.9, compare 8.7. ] Refs]
__II.2 thing, concrete reality, ἆρ᾽ ἔστιν αὔλησίς τι π.; [[ 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 171.1 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to ὄνομα, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 391b, 436a, 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 4.27; δύο π... τοιάδε, οἷον Κρατύλος καὶ Κρατύλου εἰκών 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 432b ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὡς ἀργαλέον π. ἐστίν with infinitive, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 1; οὐδὲ π. οὐθέν ἐστι παρὰ τὰ μεγέθη.. τὰ αἰσθητὰ κεχωρισμένον 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Anima” 432a3, compare “Mete.” 379a32, “Ph.” 226b30, 227b28; διαμάχονται περὶ τοῦ λευκὸν ἢ μὴ λευκὸν εἶναι τὸ π. 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1109d, compare 1112d; ἐξ ἀζωΐας καὶ ζωῆς συγκείμενον π. 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “Sententiae ad intelligibilia ducentes” 21: _plural_, τῶν π. ἀΐδιος ἔσσα 5th-6th c.BC: Philolaus Philosophus 6, compare 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 164, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Xenophane” 974a25, “Pol.” 1252a24; τὰ μετέωρα π. 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 228, compare 250, 741 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to ὀνόματα, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 39o e, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.15. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __II.2.b contemptuously, thing, creature, κακῷ πράγματι wretched creature, i.e. the sophist, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 312c ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τούτῳ τῷ π., i.e. the demos, [[ [prev. author] “Grg.” 520b; ὁ δῆμος ἀσταθμητότατον π. 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.136 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἄμαχον π., of a woman, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 6.1.36. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3 like{πρᾶξις}[[ 1.2, ὄφελος 1, in 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus, πρῆγμά ἐστι or ἐστί μοι,] Refs 5th c.BC+] with infinitive, it is advantageous for me, εὕρισκε π. οἱ εἶναι ἐλαύνειν [[ 1.79, compare 4.11 ] Refs]: with a negative, εὕρισκέ οἱ οὐ π. εἶναι στρατεύεσθαι [[ [prev. author] 7.12: also with _accusative_ et ] Refs]infinitive, οὐδὲν ἂν εἴη π. γνώμας ἐμὲ σοὶ ἀποφαίνεσθαι there will be no advantage or need, [[ [prev. author] 1.207 ] Refs]; π. ἂν ἦν μοῦνον the only thing needful, [[ [prev. author] 7.130. ] Refs]
__II.4 thing of consequence or importance, π. ποιήσασθαι [τι[[] [prev. work] 150; π. οὐδὲν ἐποιήσαντο [prev. author] 6.63 ] Refs]; οὐδὲν π., ὦ Σώκρατες no matter, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Gorgias” 447b, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 451; ὡς.. οὐδὲν ὂν π., εἰ καὶ ἀποθάνοι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Euthyphro” 4d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; δῆλον ἦν ὅτι π. τι εἴη that there was something the matter, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.1.17. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4.b π. ἐστί μοι it concerns me, σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν π. they had nothing to do with the [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.84, compare 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.283 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ᾧ μὴ π. μὴ εἰσίναι no admittance except on business, [[ Sammelb. 6152.22 (1st c.BC):] Refs 1st c.BC+] with genitive _of things_, οἷς μηδὲν ἦν π. τοῦ πολέμου who were not concerned in the war, [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus “Pompeius” 65 ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; τὸ σὸν τί ἐστι π.; what is your pursuit or business, what are you about? [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 20c, cf. Alcaeus1.104d. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.4.c μέγα π. a man of consequence, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 35.15; τὸ μέγα π. ἐν τῇ πόλει 4th-3rd c.BC: Menander Comicus “Σαμία” 175 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἦν μέγιστον π. Δημοκήδης παρὰ βασιλέϊ he was made much of by the king, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.132 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. μέγα φρέατος a fine large tank, [[ 2nd c.AD: Alexander Rhetor 179. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__II.5 used of a battle, action, affair, ὡς οἱ σωθέντες ἐκ τοῦ π. ἀπέφυγον [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.1.17. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.6 τὸ π. the love-affair of Harmodius and Aristogeiton, [[ 4th c.BC: Aeschines Orator 1.132. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.7 fact, opposed to λόγος, ὄνομα, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Topica” 146a3, “SE” 175a8; πρὸς τὸ π. καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν [prev. author] “Ph.” 263a17: _plural_, οὐκ ἐχρῆν τῶν π. τὴν γλῶσσαν ἰσχύειν πλέον 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 1188. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.8 matter in hand, question, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ διαίτης ὀξέων” 39; πρὸς τὸ π. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Meno” 87a, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Priora” 70a32, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 54.26; διαιρεῖν κατὰ τὸ π. 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1299b18; ἔξω τοῦ π., see at {ἔξω} 1.2b. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III in plural, πράγματα,
__III.1 circumstances, affairs, τὰ ἀνθρωπήϊα π. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.207; ἐν εἰρήνῃ καὶ ἀγαθοῖς π. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.82, compare 1.89 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῖς π. τέθνηκα τοῖς δ᾽ ἔργοισιν οὔ by circumstances, not by acts, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Helena” 286; ἐν τοιούτοις π. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 2.7.2, “An.” 2.1.16, etc.; δεινὸς πράγμασι χρῆσθαι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.3, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 3.5.1; τύχη τὰ θνητῶν πράγματ᾽, οὐκ εὐβουλία 4th c.BC: Chaeremon Tragicus 2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀποτυγχάνειν τῶν π. fail to prosper, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.2.28 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; the condition of a patient, τὰ τῶν νοσεύντων π. [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “προγνωστικόν” 1 (also in _sing._, ἐξαπίνης ὅλῳ τῷ π. μεταβάλλειν [prev. author] “Acut.” 35 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; so also poetry, ποῦ ποτ᾽ εἰμὶ πράγματο; [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 375, compare “Aj.” 314). ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2 state-affairs, τὰ πολιτικὰ π. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 31d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἔστ᾽ ἐν ἡμῖν τῆς πόλεως τὰ π. the fortunes of the state, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 32 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; a state or empire, τὰ Περσικὰ π. the Persian power, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.137; τὰ Περσέων π. [prev. author] 7.50, etc.; διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν π. 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 714; ἐν ταῖς ναυσὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων τὰ π. ἐγένετο 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.74; μὴ ὥσπερ θεῷ νομίζετ᾽ ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι π. ἀθάνατα 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 4.8, compare 44, etc.; παρασπάσασθαί τι τῶν ὅλων π. [prev. author] 1.3 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; of government, καταλαμβάνειν τὰ π. [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.39, compare 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.30 (_passive_); ἔχειν τὰ π. [prev. work] 62, 72,compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.83; κατέχειν τὰ π. 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.2; ἐς μέσον Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ π. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.80 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ἐν τοῖς π. those who are in power or office, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 3.28, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.56, 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1307b10; οἱ ἐπὶ τοῖς π. ὄντες 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 9.2; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν π. [prev. author] 18.247, compare 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 3.69.4, LXX.1Mac.3.32 ] LXX+5th c.BC+]; ἐν τυραννίδι καὶ πλούτῳ καὶ πράγμασι [[ 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.150c ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; τριῶν ἀνδρῶν δημοσίων π. ἀποκαταστάσεως, = Latin triumvir reipublicae constituendae, [[ Sammelb. 4224.2 (1st c.BC)] Refs 1st c.BC+]; κοινωνοὶ τῶν π. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 2.3.17; νεώτερα π. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]innovations, [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 13.6, 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 7.59, etc., compare 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.19 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but εὐνούστατος τοῖς π. a friend to things as they are, [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.65. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.3 fortunes, cause, circumstances, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.236, 237; κοινὰ π. 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Taurica” 1062; τέρας γὰρ ὁ βίος καὶ τὰ π. ἐστί μου [prev. author] “Hel.” 260; ἔρρει τἀμὰ π. 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Symposium” 1.15, compare 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 280: τὰ π.] Refs 5th c.BC+] alone, one's all, one's fortunes, ἐν ᾧπέρ ἐστι πάντα μοι τὰ π. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 474 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ={κτήματα}, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus (“Legal” 5 ?) cited in 1st c.AD: Erotianus Grammaticus: in _sing._, φαῦλον γὰρ ἂν εἴη τὸ ἐμὸν π. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Hp.Ma.” 286e, compare “Cri.” 53d, “Ap.” 42a. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.4 business, especially lawbusiness, πρός τινα [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.12, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.128; οὔτε ἐμαυτοῦ οὔτε ἀλλότρια π. πράξας 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 12.3; δικῶν γὰρ οὐ δέομ᾽ οὐδὲ πραγμάτων 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 1426; πράγματα κἀντιγραφάς [prev. author] “Nu.” 471: _metaphorically_ in _sing._, πονηρὸν τὸ π. ἔχειν] Refs 5th c.BC+] to have a bad case, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1415b22. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__III.5 in bad sense, trouble, annoyance, ἁπάντων αἰτίους τῶν π. [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Acharnenses” 310 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρήγματα ἔχειν, with participle, to have trouble about a thing, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.147, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 174b, etc.; π. ἔχειν ἐν τῷ δείπνῳ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 1.3.4, etc.; π. λαμβάνειν [prev. author] “Lac.” 2.9 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. παρέχειν τινί to cause one trouble, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.155, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 20, +others] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive, cause one the trouble of doing, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedo” 115a, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 4.5.46, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Vespae” 313; πραγμάτων.. ἀπαλλαγείς [prev. author] “Ach.” 269 (Lyric poetry), compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 41d, “R.” 406e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄνευ πραγμάτων, σὺν πράγμασι, [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 1.20, 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.3.6: less frequently in _sing._, μηδὲν πρῆγμα παρέχειν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.239. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
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