πτῶσις, εως, ἡ,
(πίπτω, πέ-πτωκα) falling, fall, κύβων [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 604c, compare 3rd c.BC: Chrysippus Stoicus 2.282 (_plural_); κεραυνῶν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Meteorologica” 339a3, 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1005b (_plural_); Φαέθοντος 2nd c.BC: Polybius Historicus 2.16.13: _metaphorically_, π. τῆς ψυχῆς, opposed to ἔπαρσις, 4th-3rd c.BC: Zeno Citieus Stoicus 1.51 (_plural_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, calamity, ἐν καιρῷ πτώσεως [[ LXX.Sir.3.31, cf. LXX.Exo.30.12; πτώσεις ἀνθρώπων 5th-6th c.AD: Orphica “Fragmenta” 251, +others] LXX+5th c.AD+]; death, [[ 6th c.AD: Lydus, Joannes Laurentius Historicus “de Ostentis” 12, 14, 20. ] Refs 6th c.AD+]
__II Grammars, mode or modification of a word, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Poetica” 1457a18, +others] Refs 4th c.BC+]; applied to cases, including nominative,[[[prev. work] 20, “Int.” 16b1: to genders, [prev. author] “SE” 173b27 ] Refs]: to superlative of adjectives, [[ [prev. author] “Top.” 136b30: to _adverbs_, [prev. work] 15, “Rh.” 1397a20: to _adjectives_ derived from nouns, e.g. χαλκοῦς, [prev. work] 1410a32: to tenses (except the _present_), [prev. author] “Int.” 16b17 ] Refs]: so by the Stoics to variety of flexion, [[ “Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta” 3.263, but most frequently to cases of the Noun, περὶ τῶν πέντε π] Refs]., title of work by Chrysipp.,[[compare 2nd c.BC: Dionysius Thrax Grammaticus 634.16, etc.] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; κατὰ μίαν πτῶσιν indeclinable, [[ 2nd c.AD: Apollonius Dyscolus Grammaticus “de Adverbiis;” 165.10. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__III in the Logic of [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus ] Refs 4th c.BC+], mood of syllogisms, [[ “APr.” 42b30. ] Refs]