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πυκνός, ή, όν,
poetry also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Epic dialect (see. below) and Lyric poetry, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.52 (_superlative_), 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus “fragment” 1] Refs 5th c.BC+]; Aeolic dialect πύκνος [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.11, 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.9 (πύκινος] Refs 7th c.BC+] is uncertain reading [[ [prev. author] 82)] Refs]; Trag. πυκνός, except [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus in Lyric poetry, “Aj.” 1208, “Ph.” 854 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πυκινός once in Comedy texts, [[ 4th c.BC: Eubulus Comicus 38 (assuming variant): _Laconian dialect_ _superlative_ πουκότατος is corrupt in 3rd c.BC: Simmias 26.17] Refs 4th c.BC+]:— close, compact.
__I of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid, πυκινὸς θώρηξ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.529; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.521; πυκινὸν νέφος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.751 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed,[[ 9.621, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.340; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.349; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 27.3; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.7.15; π. δέμας 4th-5th c.BC: Parmenides Poeta Philosophus 8.59 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of a sponge, [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἑλκῶν” 2; π. ὀστοῦν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 75b, compare 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 22 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; [σάρκες] [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 74e ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον[[ [prev. work] 59b; ἔβενος 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.5.5; πλεύμων 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.698b; χωρία [prev. work]650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν 3rd c.BC: Callimachus Epicus “Hymnus in Apollinem” 89 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; [ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, [[ “PFay.” 113.8 (1st-2nd c.AD)] Refs 1st c.AD+]; ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. [[ “IG” 7.3073.104 (Lebad., 2nd c.BC) ] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; of a woman, thick-set, stocky, [[ 2nd c.AD: Soranus Medicus 1.34. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __I.2 narrow, constricted, οὐ διέρχεται.. ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς.., πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “γυναικεῖα” 1.73; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος 3rd c.AD: Alexander Aphrodisiensis Philosophus “Problemata - Physici et Medici Graeci Minores” 1.6. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded, πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.281; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί 7.61, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν 4.392, etc.(see. below 111.1); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν 11.309; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν 13.133, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.480; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.453; σταυροὺς.. πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.12 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of thick plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά [[ 5.53; πτερὰ πυκνά 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.454, 23.879 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 1.11 (and so perhaps 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus [same places])] Refs 8th c.BC+]; frequently of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.320, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.439, 5.471, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.245, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.473, 10.150, 19.520; π. νέφεα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 553 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.212 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πυκινοῖσι.. βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts,[[ 11.576; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.36; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.218 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 678 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, [[ [prev. author] “Ch.” 1050 ] Refs]; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 636; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις [prev. author] “Aj.” 1208 (Lyric poetry); πυκνῇ νιφάδι 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Andromache” 1129 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. ῥόος a dense current, [[ 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 100.14; π. θρίξ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 4.6; π. τρίχες 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Protagoras” 321a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; [δένδρεα] [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.22, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.8.2; τὰ μὲν π... τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν 4th-3rd c.BC: Theophrastus Philosophus “Historia Plantarum” 1.8.2. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.b in Tactics, in close order, opposed to ἀραιός, [[ 1st c.BC: Asclepiodotus Tacticus “Tact.” 4.1 (_superlative_), 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus “Tactica” 11.1 (_comparative_). ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__II.2 of a repeated action, frequent, numerous, πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 658; τῶν π. φιλημάτων [prev. author] “fragment” 135; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 22; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα 5th c.BC: Epicharmus Comicus 109 (_anapaest meter_); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 235 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν, of a blind man, [[ [prev. author] “Ph.” 844 ] Refs]; ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται on the oft-revolving wheel, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Fragmenta” 871.1; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “Aër.” 13; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον] Refs 5th c.BC+] quicker breathing, [[ [prev. author] “Acut.” 16; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.136f ] Refs 1st c.AD+]; continuous, constant, φῶς [[ “Corpus Hermeticum” 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.44; ἡ.. εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ.. πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Apologia” 40a; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί [prev. author] “R.” 573e; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.20: with ] Refs 5th c.BC+]infinitive, πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν more frequently visited by.., [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Vectigalibus” 5.1 codices ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (see. below [[ 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 111.1), 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.267, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.68, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.167, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 23.229, 10.283; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.804; π. δῶμα 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 17 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: hence, close, concealed, πυκινὸς δόλος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.187; and so perhaps π. λόχος, see above 11.1. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__III.2 in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoxenus Musicus “Harmonica” p.24M., compare 1st-2nd c.AD: Plutarchus Biographus et Philosophus 2.1135b, etc. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__IV generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive, ἄτη [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.480; μελεδῶναι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.516; ἄχος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.599. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__V metaphorically of the mind, shrewd, wise, πυκιναὶ φρένες [[ 14.294, compare 7th-6th c.BC: Alcaeus Lyricus “Supp.” 14.9, 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus [same place]; νόος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.461; μήδεα 3.208; βουλή 2.55; ἐφετμή 18.216; μῦθοι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.23; ἔπος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 11.788 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; θυμός, βουλαί, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 4.73, “I.” 7(6).8; φρήν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Iphigenia Aulidensis” 67 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Oracle texts cited in [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.141, compare “IG” 3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 568a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ π. terseness of expression, [[ 1st c.BC: Dionysius Halicarnassensis “de Thucydide” 24. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__V.2 of persons, sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning, Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 13.52; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν [prev. author] “fragment” 106 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; πυκινοί the wise, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Philoctetes” 854 (Lyric poetry); πυκνότατον κίναδος 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Aves” 430 (Lyric poetry); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ 5th c.BC: Critias Philosophus, Tragicus, Elegiacus 25.12. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B adverb πυκινῶς, and after [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus πυκνῶς, θύραι or σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι] Refs 8th c.BC+] close or fast shut, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.475, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.344, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.2 sorely (see. above [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.312, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.95, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+]; constantly, ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 6.22. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.3 sagaciously, shrewdly, π. ὑποθήσομαι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.279, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.293; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Thesmophoriazusae” 438 (Lyric poetry, assuming variant). ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II neuter singular and plural, πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά as adverb, especially in the sense much, often, πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην a much torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.438, 17.198; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων 11.88; τέττιξ.. καταχεύετ᾽ ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 584: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἄρθρων ἐμβολῆς” 2; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 501b; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 6.1.8; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica” 1357b19 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 328d, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 41.24; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Cratylus” 420d ] Refs 5th c.BC+]. adverb -οτέρως[[ 2nd c.AD: Lesbonax Grammaticus 23, “PLond.” 5.1929 (4th c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]: superlative πυκνότατα [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “de Equitandi ratione” 11.11. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.II.2 πυκινὰ φρονεῖν (see. supr. A.V) [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.445. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.III poetry adverb πύκα [??], thickly, solidly, θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο [[ 1.436; π. π. δόμοιο 22.455; σάκεος π. π. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18. 608; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων 12.317, compare 15.689, 739 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι [[ 12.454. ] Refs]
__B.III.2 θάλαμος πύκ᾽ ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, [[ 9.588. ] Refs]
__B.III.3 wisely, π. φρονεῖν [[[prev. work] 554, 14.217, 4th c.AD(?): Quintus Smyrnaeus Epicus 1.449, +others] Refs 4th c.AD+]; τρέφειν rear carefully, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.70. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
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STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
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