__A σ. ἡρώων [[ “IPE” 2.383 (from Phanagoria); σ. γυναικός [prev. work]301 (from Panticapaeum),compare “Ostr.” 240.5 (2nd c.AD), “PLond.” 1.113 iv 19 (6th c.AD))] Refs 2nd c.AD+]:—with. The form ξύν rarely occurs in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, though it is not rare in compounds even when not required by the metre, as in ξυνέαξα, ξυνοχῇσιν, ξύμβλητο, ξύμπαντ; 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus also uses ξύμπας, ξυνιέναι] Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Ionic dialect verse we find ξύν [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 1063 (but σύν [prev. author] 50), 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 19.3 (perhaps old Attic), but σύν 7th c.BC: Archilochus Lyricus 4, compare ξυνωνίη, συνίημι] Refs 7th c.BC+]; in early Ionic dialect Prose (including Inscrr.,[[compare “SIG” 1.2 (Abu Simbel, 6th c.BC), 167.37 (Mylasa, 4th c.BC), etc.) ξύν] Refs 6th c.BC+] is only found in ξυνίημι [[ 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 51, 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 95 (compare ἀξύνετος, ἀξυνεσίη, ξύνεσις), and in the phrase ξὺν νῷ (νόῳ codices) 1st c.AD(?): Heraclitus 114, 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 35; 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus has only σύν, and in codices 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus ξύν has weaker authority than σύν (i p.cxxv Kuehlewein)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in the late Ionic of [[ 2nd c.AD: Aretaeus Medicus, ξύν prevails over σύν] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; in Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect it is rare, ξυνοίκην [[ 7th-6th c.BC: Sappho Lyrica 75; ξυναλίαξε 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Lysistrata” 93 ] Refs 7th c.BC+]; elsewhere Doric dialect σύν, [[ “Leg.Gort.” 5.6, “IG” 9(1).334.47 (_Locrian dialect_, 5th c.BC), etc.; but in old _Attic dialect_ Inscrr. ξύν is the only form up to 6th c.BC; σύν appears in 5th c.BC] Refs 6th c.BC+] and becomes usual towards the end; after [[4th c.BC ξύν survives only in the formula γνώμην δὲ ξυμβάλλεσθαι κτλ.; the phrase ξὺν νῷ is found in 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Nubes” 580, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Crito” 48c, “Men.” 88b, “R.” 619b (σὺν 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 909)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; otherwise, of Attic dialect Prose writers [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus alone uses the preposition ξύν, 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator and Lysias have ξυν-] Refs 5th c.BC+] a few times in compounds; codices [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus have both ξυν- (“Lg.” 930a, +others) and συν-] Refs 5th c.BC+]; in [[ 5th c.BC: Antipho Sophista “Oxy.” 1364, 4th c.BC: Aristoxenus Musicus, 2nd c.AD: Arrianus Historicus, 2nd-3rd c.AD: Aelianus, and Anonymus Rhythmicus ξυν-] Refs 5th c.BC+] is very frequently; in Trag. both forms occur. The preposition σύν gradually gave way to μετά with genitive, so that whereas [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus has 67 examples of σύν to 8 of μετά] Refs 4th c.BC+] with genitive, the proportions in [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus are 400 of μετά to 37 of σύν, in 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 346 of μετά to 15 of σύν, and in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus 300 of μετά to 8 of σύν] Refs 5th c.BC+]: for these and other statistics see C. [[ 1st c.AD: Josephus Historicus ] Refs 1st c.AD+] T. Mommsen, Beiträge zur Lehre von den griechischen Präpositionen (Frankfurt 1886-95): in Attic dialect Prose and Comedy texts σύν is restricted for the most part to signification 8, 9 and a few phrases, such as σὺν θεῷ, σὺν (τοῖς) ὅπλοι; Xenophon uses it freely, having 556 examples to 275 of μετ; in Papyrus, [[ “NT”, and later Prose its use is much less restricted (see. below). ] Refs]
__D.I with, along with, together, at the same time, hence of any kind of union, connexion, or participation in a thing, and metaphorically of agreement or unity. In Compos. with a transitive Verb σύν may refer to the Object as well as the Subject, as συγκατακτείνειν may mean kill one person as well as another, or, join with another in killing.
__D.I.2 of the completion of an action, altogether, completely, as in συνάγνυμι, συνασκέω 2, συνθρύπτω, συγκόπτω, συμπατέω, συμπληρόω, συντελέω, συντέμν; sometimes, therefore, it seems only to strengthen the force of the simple word.
__D.I.3 joined with numerals, σύνδυο two together, which sense often becomes distributive, by twos, two and two; so σύντρεις, σύμπεντε, etc., like Latin bini, terni, etc.
__D.II σύν in Compos., before β μ π φ ψ, becomes συμ-; before γ κ ξ Χ, συγ-; before λ συλ-; before σ usually συσ-; but becomes συ- before σ followed by a consonant (e.g. συστῆναι), before ζ, and perhaps sometimes before ξ. In a poetry passage, cited in [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 237a, we have ξύμ alone in tmesi, ξύμ μοι λάβεσθε for συλλάβεσθέ μο;compare ὅτε ξὺμ πρῶτ᾽ ἐφύοντο 5th c.BC: Empedocles Poeta Philosophus 95: in Inscrr. and Papyri these assimilations are frequently not found. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
