__A.II.3.b καὶ.. τε perhaps means and.. also in καὶ ναυτικῷ τε ἅμα [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 1.9; καὶ πρός τε τοὺς Ῥηγίνους [prev. author] 6.44; καὶ αὐτός τε [prev. author] 8.68; see below with 10. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.II.4 τε.. τε or τε.. καὶ.. sometimes join elements which are not syntactically parallel, especially a participle and a finite verb, ἰοῖσίν τε τιτυσκόμενοι λάεσσί τ᾽ ἔβαλλον (for βάλλοντες) [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 3.80; ἄλλα τε ἐπιφραζόμενος καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐπεπόμφεε 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.85; ἀλλῳ τε τρόπῳ πειράζοντες καὶ μηχανὴν προσήγαγον 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 4.100; τῆς τε ὥρας.. ταύτης οὔσης.., καὶ τὸ χωρίον.. χαλεπὸν ἦν [prev. author] 7.47, compare 4.85, 8.81, 95. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.II.5 the copulative τε[[ becomes rare in later Gr.; it is found about 340 times in LXX, mostly in the Pentateuch and 1- “4 Ma.”, only 3 times in “Ps.”; in the “NT” ] Refs] it is found about 150 times in [[ NT.Act., 20 times in NT.Heb., and very rarely in the other books. ] NT]
__B In Epic dialect (more rarely in other dactylic verse, see below [[ 11) ] Refs] τε stands in general or frequentative statements or in statements of what is well known; such statements are frequently made as justifications of a preceding particular statement or of a preceding exhortation to a particular person or persons; the sense of τε thus approaches that of τοι (compare τοι and τε in [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.276 - 7, and compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.115 with 15.203)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; although associated with numerous particles and other words of particular types (see. below) its meaning remains independent of these and applies to the whole sentence in which it stands: αἶψά τε φυλόπιδος πέλεται κόρος ἀνθρώποισιν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.221; οὐ γάρ τ᾽ αἶψα θεῶν τρέπεται νόος αἰὲν ἐόντων 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 3.147; θεοὶ δέ τε πάντα ἴσασιν 4.379, compare 5.79, 447, 10.306, 17.485, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.497, 16.688, 17.176, 21.264; ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος καί τε κτανέοντα κατέκτα 18.309, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.537, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.526; ἤ τ᾽ ἔβλητ᾽ ἤ τ᾽ ἔβαλ᾽ ἄλλον 11.410; οὐ μὲν γάρ τε κακὸν βασιλευέμεν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.392; οἳ φύλλοισιν ἐοικότες ἄλλοτε μέν τε ζαφλεγέες τελέθουσιν.. ἄλλοτε δὲ.. 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.464; ἄλλος γάρ τ᾽ ἄλλοισιν ἀνὴρ ἐπιτέρπεται ἔργοις 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.228, compare 8.169, 170, 15.400; τοῦ γάρ τε ξεῖνος μιμνήσκεται ἤματα πάντα, ἀνδρὸς ξεινοδόκου, ὅς κεν φιλότητα παράσχῃ [prev. work] 54, compare 17.322; ῥεχθὲν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.32; παθὼν δέ τε νήπιος ἔγνω 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 218; αἰεὶ γάρ τε νεώτεροι ἀφραδέουσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 7.294 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; δύσζηλοι γάρ τ᾽ εἰμὲν ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ᾽ ἀνθρώπων[[ [prev. work] 307; τοῦ δέ τε πολλοὶ ἐπαυρίσκοντ᾽ ἄνθρωποι, καί τε πολέας ἐσάωσε 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.733 - 4; τοῦ μὲν γάρ τε κακοῦ τρέπεται χρὼς ἄλλυδις ἄλλῃ, ἐν δέ τέ οἱ κραδίη στέρνοισι πατάσσει.., πάταγος δέ τε γίγνετ᾽ ὀδόντων [prev. work] 279 - 83; ὀλίγη δέ τ᾽ ἀνάπνευσις πολέμοιο 18.201; νέῳ δέ τε πάντ᾽ ἐπέοικεν.. κεῖσθαι 22.71; κατέλεξεν ἅπαντα κήδε᾽ ὅσ᾽ ἀνθρώποισι πέλει, τῶν ἄστυ ἁλώῃ· ἄνδρας μὲν κτείνουσι, πόλιν δέ τε πῦρ ἀμαθύνει, τέκνα δέ τ᾽ ἄλλοι ἄγουσι, βαθυζώνους τε γυναῖκας 9.592 - 4, compare 22.492, 495, 499 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; νεμεσσῶμαί γε μὲν οὐδέν· καὶ γάρ τίς τ᾽ ἀλλοῖον ὀδύρεται ἄνδρ᾽ ὀλέσασα.. ἢ Ὀδυσῆ᾽ [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 19.265; σχέτλιε, καὶ μέν τίς τε χερείονι πείθεθ᾽ ἑταίρῳ.., αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ θεός εἰμι 20.45, compare 23.118, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.292, 9.632; νῦν δὲ μνησώμεθα δόρπου· καὶ γάρ τ᾽ ἠΰκομος Νιόβη ἐμνήσατο σίτου κτλ. 24.602 (where a general inference is implied)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὃν Βριάρεων καλέουσι θεοί, ἄνδρες δέ τε πάντες Αἰγαίων᾽ [[ 1.403, compare 2.814, 5.306, 10.258, 14.290 ] Refs]; sometimes of repeated action by particular persons, ἄλλοτε μέν τε γόῳ φρένα τέρπομαι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.102; οὐ μὰ γὰρ Ἀπόλλωνα Διὶ φίλον, ᾧ τε σύ, Κάλχαν, εὐχόμενος.. θεοπροπίας ἀναφαίνεις 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.86 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἡ δὲ.. μ᾽ αἰεὶ.. νεικεῖ, καί τέ μέ φησι μάχῃ Τρώεσσιν ἀρήγειν[[ [prev. work] 521; μήτηρ γάρ τέ μέ φησι θεά, Θέτις ἀργυρόπεζα, διχθαδίας κῆρας φερέμεν θανάτοιο τέλοσδε 9.410. ] Refs]
__B.2 in exhortations addressed to an individual, a subsidiary sentence or relative clause in which he is reminded of his special or characteristic sphere of activity is marked by τε, e.g. Ἑρμεία, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε φίλτατόν ἐστιν ἀνδρὶ ἑταιρίσσαι καί τ᾽ ἔκλυες ᾧ κ᾽ ἐθέλῃσθα, βάσκ᾽ ἴθι.. [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.334; Ἀτρεΐδη, σοὶ γάρ τε μάλιστά γε λαὸς Ἀχαιῶν πείσονται μύθοισι.., νῦν δ᾽ ἀπὸ πυρκαϊῆς σκέδασον.. 23.156; δεῦρο δὴ ὄρσο, γρηῢ.., ἥ τε γυναικῶν δμῳάων σκοπός ἐσσι.., ἔρχεο 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 22.395, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.249. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.3 similarly in general and frequentative statements consisting of two clauses (one of which may be a relative clause, frequently containing the subjunctive or optative), in which the fulfilment of the condition stated in the subsidiary or subordinate clause is declared to be generally or always followed by the result stated in the principal clause, either or both clauses may contain τε:
__B.4 in the subordinate clause of a collective sentence, in which the principal clause states something to be true of all those (i.e. each individual) to whom the predicate of the subordinate clause applies, ὑπόσχωμαι.. κτήματα.. πάντα μάλ᾽ ὅσσα τ᾽ Ἀλέξανδρος.. ἠγάγετο Τροίηνδ᾽.. δωσέμεν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 22.115; πάντων ὅσσα τε γαῖαν ἔπι πνείει τε καὶ ἕρπει 17.447, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.131, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.105; βάλλειν ἄγρια πάντα τά τε τρέφει οὔρεσιν ὕλη 5.52, compare 18.485. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.6 in relative clauses indicating what is true of all persons or things denoted by the same word, οὐ γάρ τις νήσων ἱππήλατος οὐδ᾽ εὐλείμων αἵ θ᾽ ἁλὶ κεκλίαται no one of the islands which lie in the sea (as all islands do, i.e. no island at all), [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.608; ἡμίονον.. ἥ τ᾽ ἀλγίστη δαμάσασθαι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.655; ἐσθλὸς ἐὼν γαμβρὸς ἢ πενθερός, οἵ τε μάλιστα κήδιστοι τελέθουσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 8.582; αἰετοῦ οἴματ᾽ ἔχων.. ὅς θ᾽ ἅμα κάρτιστός τε καὶ ὤκιστος πετεηνῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 21.252, compare 24.294; οὐδέ μιν εἰσοιχνεῦσι κυνηγέται, οἵ τε καθ᾽ ὕλην ἄλγεα πάσχουσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.120; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας πρὸς Διὸς εἰρύαται 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.238, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.67, 101, 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.279, 19.31, 24.415; οἶνός σε τρώει.., ὅς τε καὶ ἄλλους βλάπτει 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 21.293, compare 14.464; πάρφασις, ἥ τ᾽ ἔκλεψε νόον πύκα περ φρονεόντων 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 14.217; οἰκωφελίη, ἥ τε τρέφει ἀγλαὰ τέκνα 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.223. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.7 when the antecedent is a definite group of gods or men, the relative clause with τε indicates an essential characteristic of the antecedent, Ἐρινύες, αἵ θ᾽ ὑπὸ γαῖαν ἀνθρώπους τείνυνται [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.259; Σειρῆνας.., αἵ ῥά τε πάντας ἀνθρώπους θέλγουσιν 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 12.39; Φαίηκές μ᾽ ἄγαγον ναυσίκλυτοι, οἵ τε καὶ ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους πέμπουσιν 16.227, compare 20.187; νυμφάων αἵ τ᾽ ἄλσεα καλὰ νέμονται καὶ πηγὰς ποταμῶν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 20.8; Λωτοφάγων, οἵ τ᾽ ἄνθινον εἶδαρ ἔδουσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.84: similarly when the antecedent is an individual person (including god)] Refs 8th c.BC+] or thing, the relative clause with τε indicates one of his or its general or essential characteristics or aspects, οὐ μὰ Ζῆν᾽ ὅς τίς τε θεῶν ὕπατος καὶ ἄριστος [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.43, compare 2.669, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 5.4; Ἑρμείαο ἕκητι διακτόρου, ὅς ῥά τε πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει 15.319; Λάμπον καὶ Φαέθονθ᾽, οἵ τ᾽ Ἠῶ πῶλοι ἄγουσι 23.246; Τειρεσίαο μάντιος ἀλαοῦ, τοῦ τε φρένες ἔμπεδοί εἰσι 10.493; τεύχεα δύνεις ἀνδρὸς ἀριστῆος, τόν τε τρομέουσι καὶ ἄλλοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 17.203, compare 7.112 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; κεῖται ἀνὴρ ὅν τ᾽ (variant{ὃν}) ἶσον ἐτίομεν Ἕκτορι δίῳ, Αἰνείας [[ 5.467 ] Refs]; the relative clause sometimes indicates what is customary, οὐδέ σε λήθω τιμῆς ἧς τέ μ᾽ ἔοικε τετιμῆσθαι μετ᾽ Ἀχαιοῖς [[ 23.649; ἔνθα δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἐνίαυε πελώριος, ὅς ῥά τε μῆλα οἶος ποιμαίνεσκε 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.187; τῶν πάντων οὐ τόσσον ὀδύρομαι.. ὡς ἑνός, ὅς τέ μοι ὕπνον ἀπεχθαίρει καὶ ἐδωδὴν μνωομένῳ 4.105; σῆς ἀλόχου.. ἥ τέ τοι αὔτως ἧσται ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν 13.336; καὶ κήρυκα Μέδοντα σαώσομεν, ὅς τέ μευ αἰεὶ.. κηδέσκετο 22.357, compare 346. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.8 τε is used in descriptions of particular places or things when attention is called to their peculiar or characteristic features, or their position, e.g. Λιβύην, ἵνα τ᾽ ἄρνες ἄφαρ κεραοὶ τελέθουσι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.85; ἔνθα δέ τ᾽ ὄρνιθες τανυσίπτεροι εὐνάζοντο 5.65, compare 9.124, 13.99, 100, 107, 109, 244 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἓξ δέ τέ οἱ (i.e. Σκύλλῃ) δειραὶ περιμήκεες [[ 12.90, compare 93, 99, 105 ] Refs]; ἐν δέ τε Γοργείη κεφαλή (in Athena's αἰγίς) [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.741 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; χαλεπὸν δέ τ᾽ ὀρύσσειν ἀνδράσι γε θνητοῖσι (i.e. μῶλυ) [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.305; δοιαὶ γάρ τε πύλαι ἀμενηνῶν εἰσὶν ὀνείρων 19.562 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; sometimes τε draws attention to a well-known custom or permanent feature, ἀρξάμενοι τοῦ χώρου, ὅθεν τέ περ οἰνοχοεύει [[ 21.142; ἦ μένετε Τρῶας σχεδὸν ἐλθέμεν, ἔνθα τε νῆες εἰρύατ᾽ εὔπρυμνοι 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 4.247, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.266; ἐν ποταμῷ, ὅθι τ᾽ ἀρδμὸς ἔην πάντεσσι βοτοῖσιν 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 18.521, compare 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 14.353. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.9 a part of the anatomy is defined by a clause (containing τε) which indicates a feature which universally belongs to it, κατ᾽ ἰσχίον, ἔνθα τε μηρὸς ἰσχίῳ ἐνστρέφεται [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 5.305, compare 8.83, 13.547, 16.481, 20.478 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; similarly a point of time is defined, ὥρῃ ἐν εἰαρινῇ, ὅτε τ᾽ ἤματα μακρὰ πέλονται [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 18.367. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.10 τε is used in relative clauses which define a measurement of a particular thing or action by reference to the measurement (in general) of some thing or action well known in daily life, γεφύρωσεν δὲ κέλευθον μακρὴν ἠδ᾽ εὐρεῖαν, ὅσον τ᾽ ἐπὶ δουρὸς ἐρωὴ γίγνεται [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 15.358; τοῦ δ᾽ ἤτοι κλέος ἔσται ὅσον τ᾽ ἐπικίδναται ἠώς 7.451; ὅτε τόσσον ἀπῆν ὅσσον τε γέγωνε βοήσας 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.473, compare 3.321, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+]; more rarely the definition is by reference to the measurement of a particular thing or action, ἤσθιε.. ἕως ὅ τ᾽ ἀοιδὸς ἐνὶ μεγάροισιν ἄειδεν[[ (assuming variant) 17.358; ἥ τις δὴ τέτληκε τόσα φρεσίν, ὅσσα τ᾽ ἐγώ περ 19.347. ] Refs]
__B.11 the frequently use of τε B in similes is to be explained under one or other of the {ταώς} heads, e.g. when reference is made to generally known kinds of things or natural phenomena, to human experience in daily life, or to well-known phenomena of the animal world, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 2.456, 459, 463, 468, 470, 471, 474, 481, 3.23 - 5, 33, 11.415 - 7, +others; or when universal characteristics of gods, men, animals, etc., are indicated by relative clauses introduced by ὅς τε, ὅς ῥά τε, etc., 3.61, 151, 198, +others; or by ὥς τε, ἠΰτε, ὥς τίς τε, etc., e.g. 5.136, 17.133, 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 4.535, ὡς εἴ τε 9.314, 14.254, etc. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__B.II in post-[[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] Gr. this use of τε is more restricted; outside of Epic dialect and other early dactylic verse [[(8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 30, 214, 233, +others, 6th c.BC: Xenophanes Poeta Philosophus 13.3, 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 148, 359, etc.) it is not found except with relatives, and with these it has scarcely any discernible sense, so that ὅς τε in Lyric poetry and Trag. is for the most part only ={ὅς}, e.g. (possibly generalizing) Μοῖρ᾽, ἅ τε πατρώϊον τῶνδ᾽ ἔχει τὸν εὔφρονα πότμον 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “O.” 2.35, compare 14.2, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 1024, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 445 (Lyric poetry), etc. (see. ὅστε)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; without generalizing force, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 9.9, 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 297, “Ch.” 615, etc.; 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus has τά πέρ τε 1.74, ὅκως τε 2.108 codices, ὅσον τε] Refs 5th c.BC+] (without a verb, as in [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.325, +others) 1.126, 2.96, 3.5, +others, οἷά τε 1.93 codices (adverbially 2.175, 5.11): in _Attic dialect_ Prose and Comedy texts even these uses disappear and we find only a few phrases, as ἅτε, ὥστε, ἐφ᾽ ᾧτε, οἷός τε] Refs 8th c.BC+]; in later Gr. we find exceptionally ἔνθεν τε [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “ἐπιστολαί” 17; ἀφ᾽ οὗ τε “UPZ” 62.8 (2nd c.BC)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἀπ᾽ οὗ τε [[ “PCair.Zen.” 291.3 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]; οἵ τε [[ “GDI” 215.23 (Erythrae, 2nd c.BC)] Refs 2nd c.BC+]; ἥ τ᾽ [[ “PMag.Par.” 1.2962; ὅσον τε ὀκτὼ στάδια 2nd c.AD: Pausanias Periegeta 6.26.1 ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; καὶ ἔστιν ἔπη Μαντικὰ ὁπόσα τε (= which) ἐπελεξάμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς [[ [prev. author] 9.31.5; οἷόν τε καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κύων φωνῆς θεωροῦμεν 2nd c.AD: Sextus Empiricus Philosophus “adversus Mathematicos” 11.28. ] Refs 2nd c.AD+]
__C in [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+] τε is also (but less frequently) used in conjunction with other particles in contexts (mainly particular statements) such as the following:
__C.8 where τ᾽ ἄρ occurs in questions, e.g. πῇ τ᾽ ἂρ μέμονας καταδῦναι ὅμιλο; [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.307, compare 1.8, 18.188, +others] Refs 8th c.BC+], ταρ (which see) should probably be read, since ἄρ (α) usually precedes a τε which is not copulative; so perhaps ταρα should be read for τ᾽ ἄρα in [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 1.346. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.9 in ἣ θέμις ἐστὶν.. ἤ τ᾽ ἀνδρῶν ἤ τε γυναικῶν [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 9.276 ] Refs 8th c.BC+], it is not clear whether τε is copulative (τε A) or generalizing (τε B) or neither (τε C); ἤ is probably ={ἦ} (accented as in ἤτοι (; ἤ τ᾽ ἀλκῆς ἤ τε φόβοιο is uncertain reading in [[ 17.42 ] Refs]; ἤ τ᾽ = or is found in [[ 19.148, = ] Refs]than in [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 16.216. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.10.b with ὅδε, adding a slight emphasis to the preceding word, εἰ δὴ τήνδε τε γαῖαν ἀνείρεαι [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.238, compare 15.484. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__C.10.c τε γάρ rarely ={καὶ γάρ} or γάρ, [[ 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Analytica Posteriora” 75b41, “de An.” 405a4, “PA” 661b28, “Pol.” 1318b33, 1333a2 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐάν τε γάρ for even if, [[ NT.2Cor.10.8 ] NT]; τήν τε γὰρ ἐπιθυμίαν οὐκ ᾔδειν for I had not known even lust. [[ NT.Rom.7.7. ] NT]
__D Position of τε:
__D.1 in signf. A, as an enclitic, it stands second word in the sentence, clause, or phrase, regardless of the meaning: ἐγγύθι τε Πριάμοιο καὶ Ἕκτορος near both Priam and Hector, [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 6.317; ἡμέτεραί τ᾽ ἄλοχοι καὶ νήπια τέκνα 2.136, compare 4.505, 7.295; αἰεί τε δὴ νηλὴς οὺ καὶ θράσους πλέως 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 42 codices, compare 291 (_anapaest meter_); ἄνευ τε δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.69; ὑπέρ τε σοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀδελφῆς “PEnteux.” 6.6 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τοῖς τε πόνοις καὶ μαθήμασι [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 537a, compare “Ti.” 70b; hence in 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 897 πόλεος must be taken with what precedes (Porson (at [prev. work]))] Refs 5th c.BC+]: but article + noun, preposition + noun are frequently regarded as forming a unity indivisible by τε, τοῖς κτανοῦσί τε [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Choephori” 41 (Lyric poetry); πρὸς βίαν τε [prev. author] “Pr.” 210 ] Refs 4th c.BC+]; also the order is frequently determined by the meaning, τε being placed immediately after the word (or first word of a phrase or clause) which it joins to what precedes or to what follows, πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.544; ἔξω δόμων τε καὶ πάτρας 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 665 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; the copulative or preparatory τε precedes many other particles, e.g. τε γάρ, τ᾽ ἄρα, τέ τις.
__D.2 τε is enclitic in signfs. B, C also, and stands early in its sentence, clause, or phrase (see. above), but many particles which follow τε in signf. A precede it in signfs. B, C, e.g. in signfs. B, C we have δέ τε, μέν τε, γάρ τε, ἀλλά τε, δ᾽ ἄρα τε, ὅς ῥά τε, οὔτ᾽ ἄρ τε, καὶ γάρ τίς τε, ὅς τίς τε, καί τε.
__E Etymology: signf. A is found also in Sanskrit ca, Latin -que; for signfs. B and c cf. Sanskrit ca in yá[hudot] káś ca 'whosoever (with following verb)', Latin -que in quisque, ubique, plerique, usque, neque, nec (= non in necopinans, etc.), Gothic ni-h 'not' (also 'and not'), Latin namque (= nam).
