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ὑπερβάλλω,
future -βαλῶ, Epic dialect -βαλέω[[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 11.597 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]: Epic dialect aorist 2 ὑπειρέβαλον [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.637 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]:—throw over or beyond a mark, overshoot, ὑπέρβαλε σήματα πάντων [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 23.843; τόσσον παντὸς ἀγῶνος (i.e. σήματα) ὑπέρβαλε [prev. work] 847 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; δουρὶ ὑ. Φυλῆα beat him in throwing with it, [[[prev. work] 637. ] Refs]
__2 ὅτε μέλλοι ἄκρον [λόφον] ὑπερβαλέειν force the stone over the top, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” [prev. cited] ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__3 intransitive, run beyond, overrun the scent, of hounds, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Cynegeticus” 6.20. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__4 outstrip or pass, in racing, τινας [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 716. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__5 middle, throw a stone over one's head, [[ “SIG” 1071 (from Olympia). ] Refs]
__II in various metaphorically senses:
__II.1 outdo, excel, surpass, overpower, δέδοικα μὴ πρὶν πόνοις ὑπερβάλῃ με γῆρας [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Fragmenta” 453.5 (Lyric poetry): with _genitive_, 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “Fragmenta.” 33; βροντῆς ὑπερβάλλοντα κτύπον 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 923. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
Close Browse lexicon entries __II.2 go beyond, exceed, μήτ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὑπερβάλλων βοὸς ὁπλὴν μήτ᾽ ἀπολείπων [[ 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 489; ὑ. πόσιος μέτρον 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 479; τὴν τοῦ μετρίου φύσιν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Politicus” 283e; ὑ. τὰ ἱκανά 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Hiero” 4.8: of Time, ὑ. ἑκατὸν ἔτεα ] Refs 8th c.BC+]exceed [[ 100 years, in age, 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 3.23 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. τὰς τρεῖς ἡμέρας delay longer than.., [[ 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ τῶν ἐν κεφαλη—ͅ τρωμάτων” 14 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. τὸν χρόνον exceed the time, i. e. be too late, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 5.3.21 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑ. τὸν καιρόν exceed reasonable bounds, [[ 3rd c.AD: Democritus Epigrammaticus 235, 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 23.122: in number, intensity, etc., ἡδοναὶ ὑ. λύπας 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 734b, compare “Prt.” 356b (_passive_)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: with dative modi, exceed one in.., πάντας ἀνθρώπους τόλμῃ καὶ μιαρίᾳ [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Historia Graeca (Hellenica)” 7.3.6; ἅπαντας ἀνθρώπους ὠμότητι 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 18.275: _absolutely_, ὑ. πρὸς ἀρετήν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 945c. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.2.b with genitive pro accusative, ἆρα λύπῃ ὑ. τὸ ἀδικεῖν τοῦ ἀδικεῖσθα; [[ [prev. author] “Grg.” 475c, compare “Lg.” 734a; ὑ. τῆς συμμετρίας 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Politica” 1284b8, compare “HA” 503b22. ] Refs 4th c.BC+]
__II.3 absolutely, exceed, αἱ μέσαι ἕξεις πρὸς μὲν τὰς ἐλλείψεις ὑπερβάλλουσι compared with their defects are in excess, [[ [prev. author] “EN” 1108b17 ] Refs]; exceed all bounds, [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Persae” 291, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Bacchae” 785, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 7.67, 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 180a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐχ ὑπερβαλών keeping within bounds, [[ 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 7.66; μή νυν ὑπέρβαλλ᾽, ἀλλ᾽ ἐναισίμως φέρε 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 1077: with _dative_ modi, ὑ. τῇ μοχθηρίᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 109; ἀδυναμίᾳ τοῦ δοξάσαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Theaetetus” 192c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Memorabilia” 4.3.7; ἀνοίᾳ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 8.16. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.3.b frequently in participle ὑπερβάλλων, ουσα, ον, exceeding, excessive, ὑ. δαπάνη [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Hiero” 11.2 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἡδονή, ἔπαινοι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 402e, “Phdr.” 240e; θεάματα ταῖς δαπάναις ὑ. 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 4.45, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges” 899a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ὑπερβάλλοντες, opposed to οἱ καταδεέστεροι, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 9.13 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὰ ὑ. an over-high estate, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Medea” 127 ] Refs 5th c.BC+] (anapaest meter); φεύγειν τὰ ὑ. ἑκατέρωσε extremes, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 619a ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ὑ. αὐτῶν such part of them as goes beyond that, [[ 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.35 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; οἱ ὑ. [λόγοι], [[title of work by Thrasymachus (“fragment” 7)] Refs], perhaps overpowering arguments.
__II.4 overbid or outbid at auction, ἀλλήλους [[ 5th c.BC: Lysias Orator 22.8, “POxy.” 1633.5 (3rd c.AD)] Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὸ ὑπερβάλλον the overbid, [[ PPetr. 3p.195 (3rd c.BC)] Refs 3rd c.BC+]: absolutely, go on further and further, in making offers, προέβαινε τοῖσι χρήμασι ὑπερβάλλων he went on bidding more and more, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.51; ᾔτει τοσαῦτα ὑπερβάλλων 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.56, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Andocides Orator 1.133 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]:— passive, ἕνεκα τοῦ-βεβλῆσθαι τὴν οἰκίαν [[ “POxy.” 513.25 (2nd c.AD)] Refs 2nd c.AD+]; see below [[ 5th c.BC: Bacchylides Lyricus 1.3. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__II.5 adverb ὑπερβαλλόντως exceedingly, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 492b, 4th-3rd c.BC: Epicurus Philosophus “De rerum natura - Wien. Stud.” 2.2, “SIG” 685.36 (Crete, 2nd c.BC), 1st c.BC: Philodemus Philosophus “περὶ παρρησίας” p.7O., NT.2Cor.11.23 ] NT+5th c.BC+]; written ὑπερβαλόντως in [[ “IG” 12(7).410.12 (from Amorgos)] Refs]; opposed to μετρίως, [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Isocrates Orator 1.28. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III pass over, cross mountains, rivers, and the like, πρῶνα [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Agamemnon” 307; κορυφάς [prev. author] “Pr.” 722; γῆς ὅρους 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 443; τὰς Ἄλπεις εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 7.2.3: with _genitive_, θριγκοῦ τοῦδ᾽ ὑ. ποδί 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Ion” 1321 (where Dobree suggested θριγκοὺς τούσδ᾽)] Refs 5th c.BC+]: metaphorically, surmount, τάσδ᾽ ὑ. τύχας [[ [prev. author] Alcaeus795. ] Refs]
__III.b of ships, double a headland, ὑ. Μαλέην [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 7.168; τὴν ἄκραν 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 8.104. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.c absolutely, cross over, ἐς τὴν ἄνω Μακεδονίην [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.137, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Anabasis” 4.6.10; πρὸς τοὺς Θρᾷκας [prev. work] 7.5.1; κατὰ λόφους τινάς [prev. work] 6.5.7. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.2 of water, run over, beat over, with genitive, ὑπερβάλλει δὲ θάλασσα ἀμφοτέρων τοίχων [[ 6th c.BC: Theognis Elegiacus 673 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; of rivers, overflow, τὰς ἀρούρας [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.111 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, of a kettle, boil over, [[ [prev. author] 1.59 ] Refs]; of the sea, ἢν δ᾽ ὑπερβάλῃ.. πόντος [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Troades” 691. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.3 of the sun, to be very hot, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.184. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__III.4 exceed, i. e. overlap, a base, [[ 3rd c.BC: Euclides Geometra 6.29; compare ὑπερβολή IV.—Note, the case that follows is almost always the _accusative_; the _genitive_ occurs in a few exceptional instances, see above 11.2 b, 111.1 and 2. ] Refs 3rd c.BC+]
__B middle, with perfect passive, = [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11] Refs 4th c.BC+], outdo, overcome, conquer, τινα [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 5.124, 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 758 (Lyric poetry), “Nu.” 1035; τὴν βασιλέος δύναμιν 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 8.24; μάχῃ ὑ. τινά 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Orestes” 691; φίλτροις ὑ. τινά 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Trachiniae” 584, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 413 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, to be conqueror, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 6.9, 7.168. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.2 exceed, surpass, τινα [[ 4th c.BC: Demosthenes Orator 19.342, etc.; τοὺς ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος “OGI” 542.11 (Ancyra, 2nd c.AD)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; πάντας τῷ ὕψεϊ καὶ τῷ μεγάθεϊ [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 2.175, compare 110; τινὰ ἀναιδείᾳ 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Equites” 409 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; θωπείαις[[ [prev. work] 890; εἴς τι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Critias” 115d; ἔν τινι 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 1.1.2. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.2.b δόσι χρημάτων ὑ. surpass all, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 1.61; ἀρετῇ [prev. author] 9.71 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὑπερβαλλόμενος πλήθεϊ with overpowering numbers, [[ [prev. author] 3.21: ] Refs]perfect participle passive, ὑπερβεβλημένη γυνή an excellent, surpassing woman, [[ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Alcestis” 153; φύσις ὑπερβεβλ. 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 558b; ταφῆς τῆς μὲν ὑπερβεβλ., τῆς δὲ ἐλλειπούσης [prev. author] “Lg.” 719d: with _genitive_, γόγγροι τῶν παρ᾽ ἡμῖν ὑπερβεβλ. κατὰ τὸ μέγεθος 1st c.BC-1st c.AD: Strabo Geographus 3.2.7. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.3 overbid, outbid (see. above [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus 11.4), τινὰ χρήμασιν 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 232c, compare 5th-6th c.BC: Xenophon Historicus “Institutio Cyri (Cyropaedia)” 5.3.32. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
__B.4 outflank, τὸ κέρας τῶν πολεμίων [[ 1st c.BC: Asclepiodotus Tacticus “Tact.” 10.2, compare18. ] Refs 1st c.BC+]
__B.II put off, postpone, τὴν ἀπόδοσιν [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 4.9; τὴν συμβολήν [prev. author] 9.45; εἰς ἄλλον καιρόν 1st c.BC: Philodemus Gadarensis Epigrammaticus “Rh.” 1.223S. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]; but ἢν ὑπερβάλωνται ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν.. συμβολὴν μὴ ποιεύμενοι if they let that day pass without fighting, [[ 5th c.BC: Herodotus Historicus 9.51 ] Refs 5th c.BC+]: absolutely, delay, linger, [[ [prev. author] 3.71, 76, 7.206; εἰς αὖθις ὑπερβαλέσθαι 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Phaedrus” 254d, compare 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Rhetorica ad Alexandrum” 1420a8, 1438b6. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]
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STEPBible TFLSJ (Translators Formatted full LSJ Bible lexicon), CC BY 4.0, Tyndale House. Greek lexical entries from the full Liddell-Scott-Jones lexicon, formatted by Tyndale House Cambridge for biblical study.
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