φρήν, ἡ,
genitive φρενός, plural φρένες, genitive φρενῶν, dative φρεσί: older dative plural φρασί (ν) [[ “IG” 12.971 (6th c.BC), 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “N.” 3.62, “BMus.Inscription” 909 (Halic., 1st c.BC): (see. entry near the end)] Refs 6th c.BC+]:
__I midriff, κραδία φρένα λακτίζει [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 881 (_anapaest meter_)] Refs 4th c.BC+]; elsewhere always in plural, ἔνθα φρένες ἔρχαται ἀμφ᾽ ἁδινὸν κῆρ [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 16.481, compare 5th c.BC: Hippocrates Medicus “περὶ ἀρχαίης ἰητρικῇς” 22, “Art.” 41 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὰς φρένας διάφραγμα εἰς τὸ μέσον αὐτῶν (i.e. τοῦ θώρακος καὶ τοῦ κύτους) τιθέντες [[ 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Timaeus” 70a; τοῦτο δὲ τὸ διάζωμα καλοῦσί τινες φρένας, ὃ διορίζει τόν τε πλεύμονα καὶ τὴν καρδίαν 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “de Partibus Animalium” 672b11, compare “HA” 496b11, 506a6; also, in 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus, more vaguely, πρὸς στῆθος ὅθι φρένες ἧπαρ ἔχουσι 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 9.301; μένεος φρένες ἀμφὶ μέλαιναι πίμπλαντ᾽ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 1.103, +others; φρένας.. εἰς αὐτὰς τυπείς 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Prometheus Vinctus” 363, compare “Eu.” 159 (Lyric poetry). ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__I.2 heart, as seat of the passions, e.g. of fear, τρομέοντο δέ οἱ φρένες ἐντός [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 10.10 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of joy and grief, φρένα τέρπεσθαι φόρμιγγι [[ 9.186; γάνυται φρένα ποιμήν 13.493; τί σε φρένας ἵκετοπένθο; 1.362; ἄχος πύκασε φρένας 8.124; ἔρως φρένας ἀμφεκάλυψε 3.442 ] Refs]; of anger, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 6.147 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; of courage, ἕνα φρεσὶ θυμὸν ἔχοντες [[ 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 13.487; ἐς φρένα θυμὸς ἀγέρθη 22.475, compare 8.202 ] Refs 8th c.BC+], etc.; of bodily appetites, such as hunger, etc., [[ 11.89 ] Refs]: the shades of the dead are without it, ψυχὴ καὶ εἴδωλον, ἀτὰρ φρένες οὐκ ἔνι πάμπαν [[ 23.104 ] Refs] (except the shade of Teiresias, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.493)] Refs 8th c.BC+]: so generally in Poets, φρενὸς ἔνδοθεν ἄλγεα κεῖται [[ 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus cited in 4th c.BC: Aristoteles Philosophus “Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία” 5.2; κῆλα δαιμόνων θέλγει φρένας 5th c.BC: Pindarus Lyricus “P.” 1.12; φόβος μ᾽ ἔχει φρένας 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Supplices” 379; μαινομένα φρενί [prev. author] “Th.” 484 (Lyric poetry); στυγεῖν μιᾷ φρενί [prev. author] “Eu.” 986 (Lyric poetry); Διὸς γὰρ δυσπαραίτητοι φ. [prev. author] “Pr.” 34 ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐκ φρενός from one's very heart, ὁ ἐκ φρενὸς λόγος a sincere speech, [[ [prev. author] “Ch.” 107; ἐτύμως δακρυχέων ἐκ φρενός [prev. author] “Th.” 919 (Lyric poetry)] Refs]; οὐκ ἀπ᾽ ἄκρας φρενός not superficially and carelessly, [[ [prev. author] “Ag.” 805 (_anapaest meter_); φρενὸς ἐκ φιλίας [prev. work] 1515 (_anapaest meter_), compare 546 ] Refs]; φῦσαι φρένας to produce a haughty spirit, [[ 5th c.BC: Sophocles Tragicus “Electra” 1463. ] Refs 5th c.BC+]