πένομαι,
used only in present and imperfect, (compare πενέω):
__I intransitive, toil, work, ἀμφίπολοι.., ἐνὶ μεγάροισι πένοντο [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 10.348 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; περὶ δεῖπνον ἐνὶ μεγάροισι π. were busy preparing a meal,[[ 4.624; ἀμφ᾽ αὐτὸν ἑταῖροι ἐσσυμένως ἐπένοντο 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 24.124. ] Refs 8th c.BC+]
__I.2 after [[ 8th c.BC: Homerus Epicus ] Refs 8th c.BC+], (to have to work for one's living, hence) to be poor or needy, [[ 6th c.BC: Solon Lyricus 15, 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Hecuba” 1220, 5th c.BC: Thucydides Historicus 2.40, etc.; πλουσία ἢ πενομένη πόλις 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Respublica” 577e ] Refs 6th c.BC+]; πλουτοῦντες ἢ π. [[ [prev. author] “Plt.” 293a; π. καὶ κάμνειν [prev. author] “Grg.” 477d. ] Refs]
__I.3 with genitive, to be poor in, have need of, τῶν σοφῶν (i. e. τῆς σοφίας) [[ 4th-5th c.BC: Aeschylus Tragicus “Eumenides” 431; ὡς διαλλαγὰς ἔχοιμεν ἀλλήλοισιν ὧν πένοιτο γῆ 5th c.BC: Euripides Tragicus “Supplices” 210; πάντων 3rd c.AD: Porphyrius Tyrius Philosophus “ad Marcellam - Porphyrii Opuscula” 27; πενόμενον τὴν ψυχὴν τῶν ἐπιβαλλόντων αὐτῇ καλῶν 5th c.AD: Hierocles Platonicus Philosophus “in Carmen Aureum - FPG” 14p.451M.: with _accusative_, χρήματα 4th c.AD: Themistius Sophista “Or.” ] Refs 5th c.BC+](i. e. Constant.pro Them.) 22b.
__II transitive, work at, get ready, δόμον κάτα δαῖτα πένοντο [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 2.322, compare 3.428, etc.; ἔργα 8th-7th c.BC: Hesiodus Epicus “Opera et Dies” 773 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; ὁππότε κεν δὴ ταῦτα πενώμεθα when we are a-doing this, [[ 8th c.BC: Odyssea Homerus Epicus “Odyssey” 13.394 ] Refs 8th c.BC+]; τί σε χρὴ ταῦτα πένεσθαι[[; 24.407, compare 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.200.—On the precise meaning of πένομαι, πενία,compare 5th-6th c.BC: Aristophanes Comicus “Plutus” 551 ff. (Cf. πένης, πόνος, πονηρός.) ] Refs 8th c.BC+]